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National spending on health by source for 184 countries between 2013 and 2040

Dieleman, J.; Templin, T.; Sadat, N. et al. (2016) CC

A general consensus exists that as a country develops economically, health spending per capita rises and the share of that spending that is prepaid through government or private mechanisms also rises. However, the speed and magnitude of these changes vary substantially across countries, even at simi...lar levels of development. In this study, we use past trends and relationships to estimate future health spending, disaggregated by the source of those funds, to identify the financing trajectories that are likely to occur if current policies and trajectories evolve as expected. Methods We extracted data from WHO's Health Spending Observatory and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation's Financing Global Health 2015 report. We converted these data to a common purchasing power-adjusted and inflation-adjusted currency. We used a series of ensemble models and observed empirical norms to estimate future government out-of-pocket private prepaid health spending and development assistance for health. We aggregated each country's estimates to generate total health spending from 2013 to 2040 for 184 countries. We compared these estimates with each other and internationally recognised benchmarks. Findings Global spending on health is expected to increase from US$7·83 trillion in 2013 to $18·28 (uncertainty interval 14·42–22·24) trillion in 2040 (in 2010 purchasing power parity-adjusted dollars). We expect per-capita health spending to increase annually by 2·7% (1·9–3·4) in high-income countries, 3·4% (2·4–4·2) in upper-middle-income countries, 3·0% (2·3–3·6) in lower-middle-income countries, and 2·4% (1·6–3·1) in low-income countries. Given the gaps in current health spending, these rates provide no evidence of increasing parity in health spending. In 1995 and 2015, low-income countries spent $0·03 for every dollar spent in high-income countries, even after adjusting for purchasing power, and the same is projected for 2040. Most importantly, health spending in many low-income countries is expected to remain low. Estimates suggest that, by 2040, only one (3%) of 34 low-income countries and 36 (37%) of 98 middle-income countries will reach the Chatham House goal of 5% of gross domestic product consisting of government health spending. Interpretation Despite remarkable health gains, past health financing trends and relationships suggest that many low-income and lower-middle-income countries will not meet internationally set health spending targets and that spending gaps between low-income and high-income countries are unlikely to narrow unless substantive policy interventions occur. Although gains in health system efficiency can be used to make progress, current trends suggest that meaningful increases in health system resources will require concerted action. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. more

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Ending Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting

Charlotte Feldman-Jacobs, et al. Population Reference Bureau (2014)

Lessons from a decade of Progress

External Link

Making Mental Health a Global Priority

Patricio V. Marquez, and Shekhar Saxena (2016) CC

Cerebrum. 2016 Jul-Aug; 2016: cer-10-16. Published online 2016 Jul 1.

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Realizing the rights of every child, especially the most disadvantaged

UN Children's Fund UNICEF (2018)

UNICEF Strategic Plan 2018-2021. Draft Theory of Change Paper

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Zambia's Community Health Assistancts (CHAs)

UK Aid; Clinton Health Access Iniative (2016) CC

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Integrated care for older people (‎ICOPE)‎ implementation framework: guidance for systems and services

World Health Organization WHO (2019) C_WHO

The ICOPE Implementation Framework provides a score card to help assess the overall capacity of health and social care services and systems to deliver integrated care in community settings and support the development of ICOPE implementation action plans. There are 19 actions needed to implement ICOP... more

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Towards disability - inclusive education

Saeboenes, A.-M.; et al. Expert Group on Disability (2015) CC

Background paper for the Oslo Summit on Education for Development. This paper covers the four topics of the Oslo Summit: investment in education, quality of learning, education in emergencies and girls’ education. Disability continues to be one of the primary causes of educational disadvantage a... more

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Policies to protect children from the harmful impact of food marketing: WHO guideline

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

Children continue to be exposed to powerful food marketing, which predominantly promotes foods high in saturated fatty acids, trans-fatty acids, free sugars and/or sodium and uses a wide variety of marketing strategies that are likely to appeal to children. Food marketing has a harmful impact on chi... more

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DFID’s Strategy for Disability Inclusive Development 2018-23

Department for International Development DFID UKaid (2018) C1

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Sustainable Sanitation Practice Planning Tool

Elke Müllegger, Günter Langergraber, and Markus Lechner EcoSan Club (2011)

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Actions Essentielles en Nutrition

Tina Sanghvi, Roger Shrimpton, and Bruno de Benoist BASICS; UNICEF; Organisation Mondiale de la Sante (2004)

Guide pour les responsables des activités de santé

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Die Umsetzung der globalen 2030 - Agenda für nachhaltige Entwicklung inklusiv gestalten

VENRO Verband Entwicklungspolitik und nachhaltige Entwicklung (2016) CC

In diesem gemeinsamen Forderungspapier formulieren der Deutsche Behindertenrat (DBR) und der Verband Entwicklungspolitik und Humanitäre Hilfe (VENRO)1 Anforderungen an die Fortschreibung der Nationalen Nachhaltigkeitsstrategie im Hinblick auf die Inklusion von Menschen mit Behinderungen

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Zambia Malaria Operational Plan FY 2019

US President's Malaria Initiative USAID (2019) C1

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The HIV/ACT (Prevention and Control) 2017

Ministry of Law and Justice (Legislative Department), India (2017)

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Tackling HIV Drug Resistance: Trends, guidelines and global action

World Health Organization WHO (2017) C_WHO

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World Polio Day: Making History Toolkit

Rotary International (2013)

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Disability and Development

House of Commons International Development Committee DFID (2013) C1

Disabled people in developing countries are the poorest of the poor: if we are serious about tackling extreme poverty, our development work has to target them. The post-2015 development framework offers hope that disabled people will finally get the prominence they deserve on the global development ... more