AMREF Health Africa, Health System Advocacy Partnership
1
Amterdam Institute for Global health & Development aighd
1
Analysis Hub
1
and C.J. Arnson
1
and F. Morgado
1
and P. Reijer
1
and R.O'Neill
1
Arantes Beatriz, L. B.
1
Argote P., Barhan E., Zukerman Daly S. et al.
1
Asean Briefing
1
ASEDP (Asociación Salvadoreña para el Estudio y Tratamiento del Dolor y Cuidados Paliativos)
1
Asseburg, M.
1
Assessment Capacities Project ACAPS
1
AWO
1
B. Cao
1
B. Ezenwa
1
B. Mason Meier
1
B. N. Ezenwa, I. B. Fajolu, O. R. Akinajo, et al.
1
Banda, H.T. et al.
1
Barrett MP, Priotto G, Franco JR, et al.
1
BC Centre for Disease Control
1
Bender L.
1
Berger, S.
1
Bham A., J. Bhiman, F. Bongweni et al.
1
Bham, A.
1
Biccard, B.M.
1
Bing Lin A. B., M.L Dietrich, R.A.Senior, et al.
1
Bixby, H.
1
Blankenfeld H., H. Kaduszkiewicz, M. M. Kochen et al.
1
BMC Health Services Research, part of Springer Nature
1
BMC Public Health
1
BMJ
1
BMJ Open Science
1
Bo Peng , Rowland W. Pettit, and Christopher I. Amos
1
Bozorgmehr, K.
1
British Medical Association BMA
1
British Society for Immunology
1
Budreviciute, A.
1
Bundesgesundheitsblatt
1
Bureau régional de l’OMS pour l’Afrique
1
C. Clift
1
C. Ferreira-Borges
1
C. Hoffmann, et al.
1
C. Perplies
1
C. Victora and M. Chowdury.
1
Camp, R. and C. Hoffmann
1
CAP-China
1
Caqueo-Urízar A., Urzúa A. et al
1
CARE
1
Carrillo-Larco
1
Carruther E., A. Veizis, E. Kondilis, et al.
1
Catholic Agency for Overseas Development CAFOD
1
CDA Collaborative Learning Projects
1
Center for Global Development
1
Center for Operational Analysis and Research COAR
1
Center for Public Interest Communications, University of Florida
1
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
1
Central Pollution Control Board (Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change)
1
Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor
1
Centre d’études stratégiques de l’Afrique
1
Centro de Coordinación de Alertas y Emergencias Sanitarias
1
CERAH
1
Cerda A. A., Garcia L. Y.
1
Cesare, M.D.
1
Charles Phiilipe de Lucena AlvesJoão de Deus Barreto Segundo, Gabriel Gonçalves da Costa et al.
1
Cheesbrough, M.
1
China-Japan Friendship Hospital
1
Chipungu, C.
1
Chu, D.K.
1
Cilliers, J.
1
Civil Society 20 (C20) - Saudi Arabia 2020
1
Clinical Microbiology Reviews
1
Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI)
1
Cobas
1
Cochrane
1
Cochrane Library
1
Collective Service RCCE
1
Columbia University, IFRC, Protection Cluster, et al.
1
Commonwealth of Massachusetts
1
Community Health Impact Coalition
1
Conflict and Health
1
Cook, R.
1
Coregroup
1
COVID-19 Response
1
Cullen M.
1
D. Antognini, A. Combes, et al.
1
D. B. Evans
1
Damiati, S.
1
de Man P, van den Dobbelsteen J, et al.
1
Degam
1
Department for International Development DFID
1
Department of Health & Family Welfare Government of Kerala
1
Department of Health South Africa
1
Dept. of Psychiatry
1
Desogus, A.
1
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
1
Deutscher Bundestag
1
DGVS Paraguay
1
Dheda, K.
1
DHS Program Demographic and Health Surveys
1
DIRECCIÓN GENERAL DE SALUD PÚBLICA, CALIDAD E INNOVACIÓN
1
Dirección General de Vigilancia de la Salud (DGVS)
1
Divya Nair, Nisha Hariharan, Raghav Adlakha, et al.
1
DNDi - Drugs for neglected diseases initiative
1
Dorcas Aid International
1
Doubova SV, Leslie HH, Kruk ME, et al.
1
Dr. J. Breda
1
Dr. med. Thorben Doll, Johannes Pott
1
Dr. P. Abraham
1
Dr. P. Amoth
1
Dr. S. K. Kibias
1
Dr. V. Potdar
1
Dr. Y.K. Gurav
1
Dra. Ximena Garzón et al.
1
E. Levy Yeyati
1
E. Malchiodi, J.P. Ioset, et al.
1
E. Ross
1
E. Webb, M. Mckee et al.
1
E.A Akl, S. Duda, et al.
1
Economist Impact
1
EFSA
1
EFSA Journal
1
Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation
1
Emelurumonye I. N., A. Miglietta
1
Emergency Nutrition Network ENN
1
EpiC
1
EQUINET
1
Escritório Regional da OMS para a África
1
ESMAP
1
et al
1
et al.,
1
et. al.
1
Ethiopian Food and Drug Authority
1
Ethiopian Food, Medicine and Healthcare Administration and Control Authority
1
Ethiopian Public Health Institute
1
EU European Union
1
EUAA European Union
1
EuroHealth Observer
1
European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership EDCTTP
1
European AIDS Clinical Society (EACS)
1
European Asylum Support Office
1
European Centre for disease prevention and Control
1
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)
1
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ECDC, IOM
1
European Commission EC
1
European Investment Bank EIB and UN Development Programme UNDP
1
European Medicines Agency EMA
1
European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies Eurostation
1
European Public Health Alliance
1
European Resuscitation Council ERC
1
European Society of Cardiology
1
European specialist nurse organisation (ESN)
1
European Union EU
1
F. Bozzani et al.
1
F. Filippini
1
F.S.M. Bezerra, D.G.Colley, et al.
1
Fajolu, I.
1
Fan V. Y., Kim S., Pineda D., et al.
1
Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development BMZ
1
Ferraretto, L.A.
1
Ferres M., Potin M.
1
FinalMile
1
Find
1
First Draft, Yale Insitute for Global Health
1
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO and African Union AU
1
Food for the Hungry et al.
1
Foundation for Innovative and New Diagnostics
1
Frase N. S.
1
Fuller, R.
1
Future Learn, ASLM
1
G, Zambrano, E Salgato, F. M. Moyano et al.
1
G-Finder
1
G.H. Wills, E. Wobudeya, et al.
1
Gabrys, J.
1
Garcia, P.J.
1
Gaziano, T. et al.
1
GEF
1
Geffert,K., N. Rupp und S. Mauder
1
Gideon
1
Global Asthma Network
1
Global Dynamics of Social Policy
1
Global Handwashing Partnership
1
Global Heart
1
Global Institute for Asthma
1
Global MediXchange for Combating COVID-19 (GMCC)
1
Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI
1
Global Polio Eradication Initiative GPEI
1
Global Task Force On Cholera Control (GTFCC)
1
GMDAC, University of Potsdam
1
GOAL
1
GOARN
1
GOARN Risk Communication and Community Engagement (RCCE) Coordination Working Group, et al.
1
Goodman, T.
1
Gottlieb N., N. Davidovitch, D. F. Filc et al.
1
Gottlieb, N., M. Hintermeier, K. Bozorgmehr
1
Government of India Ministry of Health & Family Welfare
1
Government of India Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Directorate General of Health Services (EMR Division)
1
Government of Libya, World Health Organization (WHO)
1
Government of lndia Department ol Health Research Ministry of Health & Family Welfare & Director-General, ICMR
1
Government of Malawi
1
Government of Nigeria
1
Government of South Sudan
1
Government of the United Kingdom
1
Government of Uganda
1
Government of Zambia
1
Govt. Ethiopia, OCHA
1
Govt. of the State of Palestine
1
Greenhalgh, T.
1
Greinacher, A., et al.
1
Guzman-Vilca, W. C.
1
H. Adler, Gould, S.
1
H. Azizi, G. Dalay and M. Pieper
1
Haarmann, E.
1
Haldane, V., De Foo, C., Abdalla, S.M. et al.
1
Half of Syria
1
Handicap International
1
Harrison, J.A.K.
1
Hasker E, Hope A, Bottieau E.
1
Hategeka C, Carter SE, Chenge FM, et al.
1
Health Care without Harm
1
Health Cluster
1
Health Cluster & Shelter Cluster Iraq
1
Health Cluster, Nutrition Cluster, OCHA
1
Health Cluster, WHO
1
health Department: Health Republic of South Africa
1
Health Department: Republic of South Africa
1
Health Policy and Planning
1
Health Protection Surveillance Centre (HSE)
1
Health Sector Cox Bazar
1
Health Sector Syria
1
Helliwell, John F., Richard Layard, Jeffrey Sachs, and Jan-Emmanuel De Neve
1
HelpAge
1
Hine, P.
1
Honein MA, Christie A, Rose DA, et al.
1
Horizon Medical Education
1
Hospital Divina Providencia
1
Hotline in a Box
1
hpsc
1
Human Resources for Health
1
Human Rights Watch
1
Humanitarian Bulletin Ethiopia
1
Humanitarian Response et al.
1
Humans Rights Watch
1
IACAPAP
1
IAWG on Reproductive Health in Crises, IPPF, JSI, et al.
1
ICMHD
1
IHME Institut for Health Metrics and Evaluation
1
ILO
1
iMMAP
1
Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team
1
Indian Council of Medical Research (icmd)
1
Indian Council of Medical Research Department of Health Research
1
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
1
Institute for security Studies
1
Institute for Security Studies ISS
1
Inter-Agency Standing Comittee IASC
1
Inter-Agency Standing Committee IASC, et al.
1
Inter-agency Working Group on Reproductive Health in CrisesInternational Rescue Committee
1
InterAction
1
International Coaltion for Trachoma Control
1
International Committee of the Red Cross ICRC
1
International council of Nurses
1
International Diabetes Federation IDF
1
International Disability and Development Consortium (IDDC)
1
International Organization for Migration
1
International Organization for Migration (IOM)
1
International Organization for Migration IOM (14 - 27 June 2020)
1
International Rescue Committee, et al.
1
International Society of Nephrology
1
IOM UN Migration
1
IRC
1
Iribarren, S.
1
Irish Aid
1
Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS)
1
J. Bhiman, F. Bongweni et al.
1
J. Bueno de Mesquita
1
J. Tjaden
1
J.de D. Barreto Segundo, G.Gonçalves da Costa, et al.
1
JAMIA Open
1
Jara A., Undurraga E. A. et al
1
Jassat, W.
1
Jesuit Worldwide Learning
1
Jindal, D.
1
John Hopkins Bloomberg School
1
John Hopkins Center for Communication Programs
1
Johns Hopkins University
1
Julián-Jiménez, A.
1
K. Doerholt
1
K. Freeborn
1
K. Hauck
1
K. Khalid, A.Wharton-Smith, et al.
1
K. Lancaster
1
K. Quy
1
Kalla, I.S.
1
Kaloti R., R. Kafri, H. Meghari
1
Karen LeBan , Maryse Kok and Henry B. Perry
1
Kenya Ministry of Health
1
Khdr Sabir, D. et al.
1
Kim, A.
1
King E. J., N. Zotova
1
Kleynhans, J.
1
Koczulla, A Rembert
1
Kohler, S.
1
Kompetenznetz Public Health zu COVID-19
1
Kuate, L.M. et al.
1
Kuehn, B.M.
1
Kulkarni, S.
1
Kurowski, C.
1
l.
1
L. A Graybill
1
L. Biddle
1
Ladnaya, N.
1
Lalloo, U.G.
1
Lancet
1
Lancet Oncology Commission
1
Leon-Velarde, F.
1
lndian Councilof Medical Research
1
Logistics Cluster World Food Programme WFP
1
Logunov, D.Y, et al.
1
Lok Swasthya SEWA Trust and World Health Organization WHO India
1
LSHTM
1
Lucena Alves, C.P. de
1
M. Ballard, Bancroft E., Nesbit J., et al.
1
M. Dara
1
M. Fendt-Newlin, S. T. Al-Harahsheh, et al.
1
M. Langer
1
M. Nebuloni
1
M. Roser, P. Geldsetzer, T. Bärnighausen
1
M. S. Razai
1
Make Way, Wemos
1
Makwe, C.
1
Malawi Human Rights Commission
1
Maman, D.
1
MAMI, Irish Aid, Eleanor Crook Foundation
1
Marion E, Hycenth N, Vedithi SC, et al.
1
Martini M, M. Abdiker
1
Marty, F.M.
1
Marzouk M., Rayes D., Y. Douedari et al.
1
Massard da Fonseca, E.
1
Mauder, S., K. Geffert
1
MEDBOX Team
1
Meike J. Schleif, Iain Aitken , et al.
1
Millennium Development Goal Acceleration Initiative
1
Milligan H., Goodwin K., et al.
1
Ministerio de Salud Bolivia
1
Ministerio de Salud El Salvador
1
Ministerio de Salud y Proteccion Social Bogota, Colombia
1
Ministerio de Salud, Colombia
1
Ministerio de Salud, Argentina
1
Ministery of Health and Familiy Welfare - Government of India
1
Ministery of Health and Family Welfare - Government of India
1
Ministério da Saúde, Brasil
1
Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Atenção Primária à Saúde Brasil
1
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Directorate General of Health Services (EMR Division)
1
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Directorate General of Health Services EMR Division
1
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare of Bangladesh, Directorate General of Health Services
1
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Goverment of India
1
Ministry of Health & Sanitation
1
Ministry of Health & Sanitation Sierra Leone
1
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) - India
1
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India
1
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, India
1
Ministry of Health and Wellness
1
Ministry of Health Ghana
1
Ministry of Health Rwanda, The DHS Program, et al.
1
Ministry of Health, Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
1
Ministry of Health, Liberia, World Health Organization (WHO), and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
1
Ministry of Health,Uganda
1
Ministry of Home Affairs
1
Ministry pf Health and Sanitation Sierra Leone
1
Montelongo, A.
1
Moreas Morelli, D.
1
Morse, J.M.
1
Mortimer, K.
1
Mosca D. T., C. Marotta, F. di Gennaro, et al.
1
Msomi, N.
1
Murphy, J.P.
1
Murray, C.J.L.
1
Mutale W.
1
N. Petrosillo
1
Nalbandian, A.
1
Nathan, C.L.
1
Nation Institute for Communicable Diseases
1
Nation Institute for Communicable Diseases - Division of the National Health Laboratory Service
1
Nation Institute for Communicable Diseases, South Africa
1
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
1
National Academy of Medicine
1
National AIDS Secretariat
1
National Centre for Disease Control
1
National Centre for Vector Borne Disease Control (NCVBDC)
1
National Department of Health (NDoH) South Africa
1
National Department of Health Directorate: Communicable Diseases
1
National Department of Health South-Africa
1
National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD)
1
National Institute of Disaster Management (nidm)
1
National Institute of Health, Pakistan
1
National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bengaluru India
1
National Institute of Virology (NIV)
1
nature medicine
1
National Centre for Disease Control
1
NDoH South Africa
1
Neil M Ferguson, Daniel Laydon, Gemma Nedjati-Gilani, Natsuko Imai, Kylie Ainslie, Marc Baguelin, Sangeeta Bhatia, Adhiratha Boonyasiri, Zulma Cucunubá, Gina Cuomo-Dannenburg, Amy Dighe, Ilaria Dorigatti, Han Fu, Katy Gaythorpe, Will Green, Arran Hamlet, Wes Hinsley, Lucy C Okell, Sabine van Elsland, Hayley Thompson, Robert Verity, Erik Volz, Haowei Wang, Yuanrong Wang, Patrick GT Walker, Caroline Walters, Peter Winskill, Charles Whittaker, Christl A Donnelly, Steven Riley, Azra C Ghani.
1
New England Journal of Medicine
1
Nganou-Gnindjio, C.N.
1
Ngwa, W.
1
NICD, National Health Laboratory Services
1
NICE
1
NICE guideline
1
Nieto-Sanchez C., Hatley DM, Gijalva MJ., et al.
1
Nkhoma, L. et all.
1
Norwegian Refugee Council NRC
1
NPD
1
NPJ
1
NSW Government, Ministry of Health
1
Nuffield Council on Bioethics
1
Nunes da Cunha I., Autry E. et al
1
Nữ tu Bác sĩ Nguyễn Thị Hiền
1
O'Sullivan, B.
1
O. Razum
1
OCHA Services reliefweb
1
Odhiambo J.N., Dolan C., Malik A.A., et al.
1
Odlum, A.
1
Omasete J., Forster J., Geere J., et al.
1
OMS (WHO)
1
One World Data
1
ONUSIDA
1
OPS
1
Organisation de la Santé Mondiale
1
Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS)
1
Organisation Mondiale de la Santé OMS
1
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe OSCE
1
Our World in Data
1
OVID-19 Excess Mortality Collaborators
1
Pacific Protection Cluster
1
PACK
1
PALIAMED (Fundación de Medicina Paliativa de El Salvador)
1
Paniz-Mondolfi, P.
1
Papagni, R.
1
Parashar R., Nanda S., Smith S.L., et al.
1
Patuzzi
1
Paul J. Schramm, Munerah Ahmed, Hannah Siegel, Jamie Donatuto et al.
1
Páez, L.S.
1
Pearce E.
1
Pedro Alonso, Kevin Baird, David Brandling-Bennett et al.
1
Penal Reform International (PRI)
1
Penning, V.
1
Philippines Humanitarian Country Team
1
Physicians for Human Rights
1
Pieper, R.
1
Pinazo, M.J.
1
Pitrez, P. M.
1
Plateforme Prévention Sida
1
PLOS Global Public Health
1
PNG
1
Polack, F.P. et al.
1
Portella, C.
1
Prather, K.A., C.C. Wang , and R.T. Schooley
1
Primerdesign LTD
1
Prof. (Dr.) B. Bhargdvd
1
Protection Cluster
1
Protection Cluster, UNFPA
1
Pruess, A.
1
Pueyo, T.
1
Qreini, M.
1
Quatar Foundation
1
Quirk, E.J.
1
R Loewenson
1
R. James
1
R. Lessells, K. Mlisana and T. de Oliveira
1
R.M.
1
R4V
1
Rahman-Shepherd, A.
1
Rajan, S.
1
Ramanathan, K.
1
RCCE technical working group
1
ReAct Action on Antibiotic Resistance
1
Red Crescent Kazakhstan
1
Reddel, H. K.
1
Redfern, J. et al.
1
Refugees International
1
Regional Office for Africa, Government of Mauritius
1
Reliefweb OCHA Services
1
Republic of India Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
1
Republic of Kenya, Ministry of Health
1
Republic of South Sudan
1
Rhodes, T.
1
Riggirozzi P., J. Grugel, N. Cintra
1
Ritchie, H.
1
RKI
1
Robert Koch Institut
1
Rocha, R.
1
Rochweg, B.
1
Rohleder, S.
1
Royal Australian College of General Practitioner
1
Rubinstein, F.
1
Rudasa
1
Rüppel, T.
1
Ryan, R.E.
1
S. Aleyan
1
S. Jain
1
S. Ladhani
1
S. Lazzari and G. Kiesner
1
S. Lees et al.
1
S. Novoa, B. Nieto et al.
1
S. Ripoll and S. Carter
1
S. Rohleder, M. Qreini, et al.
1
S. Sweeney
1
S.R. Lewin and R. Sherer
1
Sachs, J., Karim, S., Aknin, L. et al.
1
Safeguarding Health in Conflict, et al.
1
Sagan, A.
1
Saiful Islam M. , Mizanur Rahman K., Sun Y., et al.
1
Santero, M.
1
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences
1
Save the Children andJohn Hopkins Center for Communication Programs
1
Save the Children, Terre des Hommes
1
Schell, C.O.
1
Schueller, E.
1
Sedas A. C., M. Aguerrebere, L. A. Martinez Juarez, et al.
1
See text
1
SEGO, SAC Ecuador
1
Seitz, W.
1
SickKids
1
Sider, R. , Buswell, M. , Al Salman, M. et al.
1
Siriam, A.
1
Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform
1
Societé francaise d'anesthésie et de réanimation SFAR
1
Sphere
1
Sphere - Standards
1
Srivastava, Swati, Karan, Anup K., Bhan, Nandita, Mukhopadhya, Indranil. et al.
1
Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik
1
Sustainable Development Solutions Network
1
Sustainable Energy for All
1
Swen, M.
1
Swiss Peace Foundation
1
Syrian American Medical Society Foundation
1
Tabitha Hrynick, T.
1
Temgoua, M.N.
1
The Carter Center
1
The Center For Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy CDDEP
1
The Chatham House
1
The Economic Commission for Africa (ECA)
1
The Georg Institute for Global Health India
1
The Global Fund, UNAIDS
1
the Inter-Agency Standing Committee’s Mental Health and Psychosocial Support Reference Group
1
The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
1
The Lancet
1
The Lancet Commissions
1
The Lancet Editorial
1
The Lancet Regional Health - Americas
1
The Lancet, Planetary Health
1
The Public Good Projects
1
The Sphere
1
TheLancet
1
Thomas, L.S., E. Buch and Y. Pillay
1
Thomson, R.
1
THT Books
1
Torres-Rueda S.
1
Translation without Borders
1
Tromp, J.
1
Turkova, A.
1
U.S. Agency for International Development and its Act to End NTDs
1
U.S. Government
1
UK Health Security Agency
1
UN
1
UN Children´s Fund
1
UN Country Team in Bolivia
1
UN Country Team in Honduras, UN Office for the Coordination of Human Affairs
1
UN Country Team in Nepal
1
UN Country Team in Papua New Guinea
1
UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs
1
UN DESA
1
UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
1
UN Environment
1
UN High Commissioner for Refugees
1
UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
1
UN HRC, UNEP
1
UN RC Malawi
1
UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East
1
UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East UNRWA
Report of the 23rd WHO Expert Committee on the selection and use of essential medicines
This executive summary reports the recommendations made by the Expert Committee for the 2021 update of the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (EML) and the Model List of Essential Medicine for Children (EMLc)....
The 23rd meeting of the WHO Expert Committee on Selection and Use of Essential Medicines was coordinated from Geneva, Switzerland, and held virtually from 21 June to 2 July 2021. The Committee considered 88 applications proposing additions, changes and deletions of medicines, medicine classes and formulation on the Model Lists of Essential Medicines. The Committee evaluated the scientific evidence for comparative effectiveness, safety and cost-effectiveness of the medicines in question. The Committee also considered a review of the therapeutic alternatives for medicines on the Model Lists, and update to the AWaRe classification of antibiotics, and reviews and reports relevant to the selection and use of essential medicines.more
“2022 was an eventful year for the WHO Country Office in Ghana,” says Dr Francis Kasolo, WHO Representative to Ghana.
In 2022, WHO Ghana collaborated with partners to deliver interventions in support of the Government of Ghana's health sector agenda to ensure healthy lives for all towards ach...ieving Universal Health Coverage. This 2022 annual report highlights some of the achievements that were chalked in our efforts to help promote the health and wellbeing of Ghanaiansmore
National emergency medical teams are the best option for providing immediate and appropriate surge response for emergencies directly affecting populations, while international teams may help relieve overwhelmed health systems. The efficiency and effectiveness of countries and local authorities in mo...bilizing existing resources is only as good as the quality of care they are able to provide. This publication serves as a practical guide for teams and aims to compliment emergency response systems, fostering seamless collaboration with all emergency response actors and networksmore
The chapter Fostering Health Systems’ Monitoring to Better Serve Older Populations is part of the publication series entitled Decade of Healthy Aging: Situation and Challenges. The publications are designed to favor the prioritization of effective actions at the local level as well as the monitori...ng of data and public health policies, and providing evidence-based information. Along with the objective of presenting the available updated knowledge about the situation of health and aging at the beginning of the Decade of Healthy Aging in the Americas, this publication gives information about health systems’ monitoring to better serve the needs of older adults and emphasizes the need for societies and health systems to better adapt to an aging population. It introduces the 360-tool as a guide to adapt health systems through monitoring tracers/indicators and highlighting the data and information that is readily available, disaggregated by age. This information can aid in decision-making and resource allocation to support older adults’ needs. Concerning the 360-tool development, a consensus has been reached on seven tracer indicators with high relevance to informing policy, and case studies in selected countries have assessed the feasibility of this approach. The list of indicators and the process related to the development of the tool are presented in this publication. The Decade of Healthy Aging 2021-2030 is a period to guide action towards the transformation of societies by fostering the inclusion of older people in every decision. This publication intends to contribute to this strategy and highlight the upcoming challenges and opportunities on healthy aging.more
Tuberculosis (TB) prevention is essential for reaching the End TB targets in the South-East Asia Region (SEAR) of World Health Organization (WHO)1. The targets of 80% reduction in TB incidence rate and 90% reduction in TB mortality by 2030 (compared to 2015 levels) can be achieved only with addition...al interventions aimed at preventing TB, according to epidemiological modelling studies commissioned by the WHO South-East Asia Regional Office (WHO SEARO). Optimal implementation of TB preventive treatment (TPT) is a critical intervention to accelerate reduction in TB burden in the SEA Region, which bears nearly 43% of the global TB burden. TPT by itself has the potential to reduce the overall annual TB incidence rates by 8.3% (95% CrI 6.5–10.8) relative to 2015.more
Integrating the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases in HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and sexual and reproductive health programmes: implementation guidance
Early damage assessments indicate that at least 800,000 people could be directly exposed to minor to severe damages, including communication, access, security, loss of livelihoods, infrastructure, and health services could be impacted.
The objectives of the research presented in this report were to identify case studies of community-led HIV-related health and social inclusion service delivery organizations in eastern and southern Africa; describe the typologies of the services provided; and identify evidence of their service deliv...ery and contribution beyond HIV, including advancing universal health coverage.more
The HIV/AIDS Sustainability Index Dashboard is a tool completed every two years by President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) teams, host government and partner stakeholders to sharpen the understanding of each country’s sustainability landscape and to assist PEPFAR and other donors in ...making informed HIV/AIDS investment decisions. Based on responses to more than 100 questions, the SID assesses the current state of sustainability of national HIV/AIDS responses across 17 critical elements. Scores for these elements are displayed on a color-coded dashboard, together with contextual charts and information. As the SID is completed over time,
it will allow stakeholders to track progress and gaps across these key components of financial and programmatic sustainability.more
The World Health Organization's fourth Country Cooperation Strategy 2022-2026 is an outcome of a consultative process with inputs from the Ministry of Health, various agencies in the health sector, and other relevant stakeholders. It has been developed to provide strategic direction and support towa...rd achieving the priorities of the Government of the Kingdom of Eswatini.
It is designed to support the strengthening of health systems and services toward the attainment of Universal Health
Coverage (UHC) and the Sustainable Development Goals targets. The CCS 2022-2026 also presents the collaborative
agenda between the Kingdom of Eswatini and the three levels of WHO, aligns with the strategic priorities of WHO’s
13th General Programme of Work (2019 – 2025), as well as Eswatini’s United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) 2021-2025more
Meeting Report 27-29 October 2020
The overall goal of the meeting was to discuss recent changes in treatment regimens and diagnostics for drug-resistant TB and to determine how these impact on the definition of XDR-TB, with a view to revising this definition. The pre-existing definition of XDR-TB w...as formulated in 2006 at a meeting of the Global Taskforce on XDR-TB, convened by WHO, and has been in use for clinical and surveillance purposes, since this time.more
WHO has published the first-ever guidance on the clinical management of diphtheria. The only previously available guidance was an operational protocol. The new guidance followed the rigorous process for developing guidance at WHO.
It addresses the use of Diphtheria Antitoxin (DAT) in the treatmen...t of diphtheria. There is a worldwide shortage of DAT and evidence based recommendations on the use of DAT were requested by many Member States.
The guidance also includes new recommendations on antibiotics. In patients with suspected or confirmed diphtheria, WHO recommends using macrolide antibiotics (azithromycin, erythromycin) rather than penicillin antibiotics.
This clinical practice guideline has been rapidly developed recognizing the global increase in diphtheria outbreaks. Outbreaks of diphtheria in Nigeria, Guinea and neighbouring countries in 2023 have highlighted the urgent need for evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of diphtheria. Given the sporadic nature of outbreaks, many clinicians in the affected regions have never managed acute diphtheria and its related complications. Diphtheria remains a neglected disease and vaccination is the top priority. At the same time, for patients with diphtheria, access to antibiotics, DAT and supportive care can be lifesaving.more
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a threat to global health and development and it contributes to millions of deaths worldwide each year. Inappropriate use and overuse of antibiotics are driving an increase in AMR and have a detrimental impact on the effectiveness of these critical medicines. Throug...h the Global Action Plan on AMR, WHO is working to improve the surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and reduce inappropriate antibiotic consumption.
There is a recognized need for high-quality resources to improve antibiotic prescribing globally. To address this need, a pragmatic approach was taken by WHO to develop actionable guidance for empiric antibiotic use.
The WHO AWaRe (Access, Watch, Reserve) antibiotic book provides concise, evidence-based guidance on the choice of antibiotic, dose, route of administration, and duration of treatment for more than 30 of the most common clinical infections in children and adults in both primary health care and hospital settings. The information included in the book supports the recommendations for antibiotics listed on the WHO Model Lists of Essential Medicines and Essential Medicines Children and the WHO AWaRe classification of antibiotics.
The WHO AWaRe antibiotic book is accompanied by summary infographics for each infection for both adults and children that provide a quick-reference guide for health care workers at the point of care.more
In Sierra Leone, Health care delivery is organized around a three-tier system i) primary level constituting peripheral health units (community health centers, community health posts, and maternal and child health posts secondary level constituting district hospitals tertiary level comprising region...al and national referral hospitals [Figure 3].more
The conditionality of this recommendation is largely driven by the current higher unit cost of pyrethroid-PBO ITNs compared
to pyrethroid-only LLINs and therefore the uncertainty of their cost-effectiveness. Furthermore, as PBO is less wash-resistant
than pyrethroids, its bioavailability declines ...faster over the three-year estimated life of an ITN; therefore, the added impact of
pyrethroid-PBO ITNs over that of pyrethroid-only LLINs may decline over time. The evidence comes from two sites in
eastern Africa with pyrethroid resistance and not from other geographies where transmission levels and vector characteristics
may vary. PBO acts by inhibiting certain metabolic enzymes, primarily oxidases, and so are likely to provide greater protection
than pyrethroid-only LLINs where mosquitoes display mono-oxygenase-based insecticide resistance mechanisms.more
UNHCR’s Public Health Strategy 2021-2025 is based on the lessons learnt, and builds on the achievements, of the Global Strategy for Public Health 2014-2018.
Progress was made on policies favouring inclusion and integration into national systems3 with 92% of 48 operations surveyed reporting refuge...es having access to national primary health care facilities under the same conditions as nationals and 96% reporting refugees having access to all relevant vaccines under the same conditions as nationals. While many refugee hosting countries have policies that allow refugees to access national health services, many face partial access, prohibitive out-of-pocket expenditures and other barriers including distance to facilities, language and provider acceptance. Furthermore, more work is needed on strengthening these systems to be able to meet the needs of both host communities and refugees.more
Sexual abuse perpetrated against children is one of the most significant crises of our time. Child sexual abuse is a significant risk factor for children, in common with other forms of child maltreatment. Sexual abuse can have severe short- and long-term consequences on the physical, mental, social,... emotional and economic well-being of children, families and communities. In emergencies, the threat of all forms of child abuse and gender-based violence (GBV), including child sexual abuse, is acute and widespread.more