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Publication Years
2
5436
7053
771
28
2
2
1
Category
4542
964
778
746
678
262
126
4
Toolboxes
1539
923
714
663
603
587
446
403
381
350
349
339
322
297
292
276
253
169
166
163
128
101
97
89
45
4
1
By 2030, without accelerated scale-up of prevention and treatment coverage there may be an estimated 320 000 new HIV infections and 7.6 million people living with HIV
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a serious public health threat in South Africa and is the
leading cause of death in people living with HIV (PWH). Pre-hospital and early in-
hospital mortality is of particular concern in PWH. Significant progress has been made
to date, but a monumental effort is require
...
d to reach the END TB target of zero deaths
due to TB by 2035. One of the measures would be to curb early in-hospital mortality
due to TB. This goal provided impetus for the development of this package of care.
more
Topics in Antiviral Medicine, volume 33 Issue 2 May 2025
Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in Adults and Adolescents With HIV K-19 Tuberculosis/HIV Coinfection
Updated: September 12, 2024 Key Considerations and Recommendations
This is the 2025 draft Malawi Guidelines for Syndromic Management of Sexually Transmitted Infections which is yet to be approved by the SMT.
Prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) has been a success in many respects
but there is still much to do to eliminate mother-to child transmission (MTCT), particularly in low
antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage areas and in the postnatal phase. The success of PMTCT is
highly dep
...
endent on the availability and accessibility of patient-centred care, which enables women
and their families to take informed decisions about their health and the health of their infant. For
this reason, it is recommended to have a patient-centred approach when implementing PMTCT.
PMTCT success is also linked to the partners’ involvement, as well as to community acceptance
of HIV.
more
Les piliers adoptés pour le plan AEVT sont les suivants : a) dépistage précoce chez les enfants exposés au VIH, à la syphilis et au VHB ; b) réduction des inégalités en matière de traitement chez les PBFW et les enfants exposés au VIH, à la syphilis et au VHB ; c) prévention des nouvelle
...
s infections par le VIH, la syphilis et le VHB chez les PBFW ; et d) élimination des obstacles à l'accès à des services intégrés. Sur la base de ces piliers, le plan AEVT guide la mobilisation politique pour franchir la dernière étape vers l'élimination de la transmission verticale du VIH, de la syphilis et du VHB en Afrique d'ici 2030
more
Pathogens 2022, 11, 33. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11010033
A Training Curriculum
Bhana A et al. Journal of the International AIDS Society 2021, 24(S2):e25713
The Guide on HIV Services for Adolescents Living with HIV (ALHIV) describes
organization of adolescent-friendly services to guide heath management teams and health
care workers (HCWs) on their roles. It also outlines important aspects to consider when
offering comprehensive care to adolescents an
...
d their parents/caregivers at health facilities
and in the community. Comprehensive care should include the provision of quality clinical
and psychosocial support (PSS) services with clear linkages to the community. These
services need to be adolescent-friendly at any health facility with clear prescription of
minimal standards, and has to be integrated into existing services at the health facility
more
Policy Brief
International Journal of Integrated Care, 2025; 25(2): 5, 1–12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/ijic.8920. Community-based intervention support plays a crucial role in enhancing
the lives of orphans and vulnerable children in Africa. Community-based intervention
support needs to be integrated into
...
a wider social service system. Further research
focusing on the cost of community-based intervention support and successful
programs for mainstreaming community-based intervention into a wider social
system is needed.
more
Ces orientations opérationelles ont pour but de soutenir les pays dans le processus d’introduction d’un antibiotique. Leur objectif est de garantir un accès rapide aux antimicrobiens et l’utilisation appropriée de ces produits ainsi que des résultats optimaux pour les patients, tout en ré
...
duisant le risque de résistance émergente, en offrant des conseils sur la manière d’introduire un antibiotique dans les systèmes de santé nationaux. Elles se concentrent principalement sur les antibiotiques relevant des groupes de classification « Watch » (utilisation sélective) et « Reserve » (dernier recours), qui sont généralement utilisés comme traitements de deuxième et troisième intention en milieu hospitalier. Ceux-ci sont essentiels pour traiter les organismes multirésistants mais sont souvent confrontés à des difficultés spécifiques en matière d’accès, en particulier dans les pays à revenu faible ou intermédiaire. Les présentes orientations décrivent une approche de planification pour l’introduction et la mise en oeuvre de ces produits, en tenant compte de leurs caractéristiques uniques et des besoins connexes, dans le but d’améliorer l’accès au traitement pour les patients et de promouvoir globalement l’utilisation appropriée des antibiotiques.
more
La résistance aux antimicrobiens (RAM) constitue une menace pour la santé mondiale, la sécurité alimentaire et la réalisation des Objectifs de développement durable (ODD) à l'horizon 2030. Il est essentiel de s'attaquer à la RAM pour préserver la capacité des pays à traiter les maladies c
...
hez les humains, les animaux et les plantes, réduire les risques pour la sécurité et la salubrité des aliments, protéger l'environnement et faire perdurer les progrès accomplis en vue de la réalisation des ODD. Les enfants et les jeunes d'aujourd'hui seront confrontés aux conséquences de l'inaction face à la RAM et aux risques accrus que pose cette dernière.
more
Progress report and road map. Countries included in this report: Algeria, Afghanistan, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, State of Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, the Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, Un
...
ited Arab Emirates, Yemen.
To support countries in the region to achieve triple elimination goals, this report collects and assesses national policies and key indicators on EMTCT efforts against WHO criteria for validation of the EMTCT of HIV, syphilis and HBV. Based on analysis and consultations with national policymakers, the report provides a Road Map for countries at different stages of readiness to follow towards triple elimination goals.
more
This document aims to provide Ministry of Health guidance on the implementation of PEP and PrEP to prevent HIV transmission and improve overall health outcomes. This comprehensive approach reflects the commitment of all involved in combating HIV and enhancing public health.
This document aims to provide public health authorities in European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries with guidance for improved preparedness planning taking the lessons that have been identified through various activities in the context of recent public health crises (e.g. COVID-1
...
9 pandemic, mpox multi-country outbreak 2022–23) and translating them to concrete advice. This document, together with the ECDC recommendations on the implementation of public health and social measures (PHSMs) for health emergencies and pandemics published in 2024, form a package of concrete recommendations for preparedness planning for the EU/EEA countries. Lessons learned primarily from the response to the COVID-19 pandemic, but also from the response to the multicountry mpox outbreak in 2022–23, were collected through various activities from Member States, the European Commission, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the WHO Regional Office from Europe. We have then presented these in the form of specific recommendations for planners within each phase of the continuous cycle of preparedness (Anticipation, Response and Recovery), following a prototype structure of a preparedness and response plan. In each section, we have presented a relevant example from a Member State or international organisation to illustrate their practice or attempt to implement lessons after COVID-19 or the mpox outbreak. These examples were identified either through literature review or communication with representatives of the countries within ECDC’s network for Preparedness and Response.
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