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Smallpox eradication was certified in 1980. Mpox has been endemic in Central and West African countries since it was first detected in 1958 . It is a zoonosis; cases are often found close to tropical rainforests where various animals carry the orthopoxvirus that causes the disease. In endemic countr
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ies, most mpox infections in humans result from a primary animal-to-human transmission. Human-to-human transmission can result from close contact with respiratory secretions, skin lesions of an infected person, or recently contaminated objects. Transmission can also occur via the placenta from mother to fetus or through close contact during and after birth.
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The Government of Malawi is committed to improving health and livelihoods in Malawi through community health – the
provision of basic health services in rural and urban communities with the participation of people who live there.
Historically, Community Health has significantly contributed to im
...
provements in Malawi’s health outcomes in particular
attainment of MDG4. However, the community health system faces resource constraints and inconsistencies around quality
of service – which negatively affect health outcomes.
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In 2022, Namibia had an estimated population of 2.6 million people, where 51 per cent per cent are females and 52.5 per cent of households in urban areas, with fast-growing urban informal settlements which lack access to basic services. Namibia has a young population; 42 per cent are children (0-17
...
years), 13 per cent are under-five, per cent and 19 per cent are aged 15 to 24 years. With the right investment on children and youth, this represents an opportunity for a demographic dividend.
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Fact Sheet
Reflecting its commitment to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Namibia volunteered to undertake a second national review of the SDGs in 2021. The focus is on three SDG dimensions, namely, Economic, Social, and Environmental. These three dimensions are comprehensively integrated in
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the fifth National Development Plan (NDP5) pillars: Economic Progression, Social Transformation, Environmental Sustainability, and Good Governance.
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Rising levels of inflation, debt and macrofiscal tightening are putting expenditures on the social sectors including health under immense scrutiny. Already, there are worrying signs of reductions in social sector investments. However, even before the pandemic, evidence showed the significant returns
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on investments in health equity and its social determinants. Emerging data and trends show that these potential returns have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic - investments in social determinants can mitigate widespread reductions in human capital and the increasing likelihood of costly syndemics, while promoting access to healthcare innovations that have thus far been inequitably distributed. Therefore, we argue that, despite immediate fiscal pressures, this is exactly the time to invest in health equity and its broader social determinants, as the returns on such investments have never been greater.
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This two-page summary provides a problem analysis of the U.S. cuts in global health and derives concrete recommendations for action for medical actors. The focus is on analyzing the direct effects on health-specific development cooperation.
This malaria case management training manual was developed by the Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) of Ethiopia, in collaboration with several national and international partners. Primarily based on WHO guidelines and training materials, as well as the 2022 national malaria guidelines and various te
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chnical documents, it aims to provide a standardised, simplified resource for clinical health workers in both the public and private sectors in Ethiopia. The manual aims to provide clinical health workers in both the public and private sectors in Ethiopia with a standardised, simplified resource.
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This Implementation Kit (I-Kit), developed by the Health Communication Capacity Collaborative (HC3), helps national and local stakeholders to design country-specific social and behavioural change communication (SBCC) campaigns that address the threat posed by substandard, spurious, falsified and fal
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sely labelled (SSFFC) malaria medicines. These poor-quality medicines endanger lives by failing to treat malaria effectively, undermine health systems, and contribute to drug resistance.
The I-Kit provides practical guidance and resources in six sections, including global examples, campaign design elements, media engagement strategies and tools for knowledge sharing. It is intended for health promotion officers, drug regulators, communication specialists and global health partners. Drawing heavily on experiences in Nigeria, the I-Kit promotes evidence-based, context-sensitive SBCC interventions to safeguard communities against SSFFC malaria medicines and enhance treatment outcomes.
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Reprogramming examples for GC7. This document supports the introduction of climate change-related interventions
into programs to reduce transmission of malaria and protect vulnerable populations.
he UNFPA “Programmatic guidelines: Cash and Voucher Assistance in Sexual and Reproductive Health programming in Emergencies” explains how CVA can be effectively integrated into humanitarian responses to help women, girls, and other vulnerable groups access lifesaving and comprehensive SRH servic
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es. Rooted in UNFPA’s mandate, this document provides practical direction for designing, implementing, and monitoring CVA within SRH programming.
The guidance highlights the barriers that hinder access to SRH care, such as affordability, availability, acceptability, and appropriateness, and illustrates how CVA can address financial obstacles by covering transport, user fees, or other indirect costs, while reinforcing health system strengthening efforts. CVA is presented as a complementary tool that supports both emergency and long-term SRH goals. Within humanitarian emergencies, it can contribute directly to achieving MISP objectives, including:
Enabling survivors of sexual violence to access clinical and psychosocial care;
Supporting the continuation of HIV and STI treatment, including coverage of transport;
Facilitating safe deliveries and emergency obstetric and newborn care; and
Removing financial barriers to voluntary family planning and contraceptive access, while ensuring informed choice and avoiding coercion.
Beyond the MISP, CVA also supports the transition to comprehensive SRH services in protracted emergencies and recovery phases. Examples include using cash or vouchers to encourage antenatal and postnatal care, ensure menstrual hygiene, sustain cancer prevention and treatment, fund obstetric fistula repair, and promote SRH education among adolescents.
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The document provides guidance and tools for training health professionals in outbreak investigation. It explains why such training is essential, outlines the methodology for conducting short, practical courses, and describes how lectures, case studies, and exams are used to build skills needed for
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detecting, investigating, and responding to public health events. It also details how to plan, organize, and implement the training, including required resources, team roles, and evaluation procedures.
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A job aid for cadres supporting caregivers of children and adolescents living with HIV (ages 0-14) in Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC) Programs
Final Policy
The document “Mpox Continental Response Plan 2.0” outlines the strategy developed by the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO) to respond to the ongoing mpox outbreak across Africa. The plan describes coordinated
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actions to strengthen surveillance, laboratory capacity, case detection and contact tracing in affected countries. It also focuses on improving access to vaccines, diagnostics and treatment, supporting healthcare systems, and enhancing risk communication and community engagement. In addition, the document highlights the importance of regional and international cooperation, resource mobilization and technical support to help African countries control the outbreak and prevent further spread. Overall, the plan serves as a continental framework to guide a coordinated public health response to mpox in Africa.
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The Private Sector Engagement Strategy on HIV, STIs and TB is a is a guide that is both comprehensive
and focused, and it is to be used by businesses and corporations to actively participate in the HIV, STIs
and TB and Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) response. The goal of this strategy is to devel
...
op a
culture in the workplace that actively promotes HIV, STIs and TB prevention, awareness, and support for
employees impacted by HIV, STIs and TB. The strategy incorporates several essential components, such
as those pertaining to prevention and education, accessibility to testing and treatment, reduction of stigma,
community participation, strategic alliances, employee empowerment and wellness, and data-driven
decision-making
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A Guide for Community Case Workers in OVC Programs. This guide is meant to help you, a community case worker or
facility case manager working on an orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) program, to understand your role in supporting
multi-month dispensing (MMD) of anti-retroviral (ARV) medicines f
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or children and adolescents living with HIV (CLHIV/ALHIV).
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The document is a report by an expert group that presents a framework for improving future pandemic preparedness and emergency response, particularly in the context of India but with relevance to global health systems. It analyzes lessons learned from COVID-19 and past epidemics, identifies key weak
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nesses in areas such as governance, surveillance, data management, research, and coordination, and proposes a comprehensive strategy to address them. The report emphasizes the importance of early detection, strong public health infrastructure, coordinated governance, scientific innovation, and international collaboration. A central idea is the ability to respond effectively within the first 100 days of an outbreak by having systems, resources, and policies already in place. Overall, it aims to strengthen resilience and ensure faster, more efficient responses to future health crises.
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The handbook is intended as a guide and tool for anyone It focuses in particular on warehouse management and stock involved in logistics activities
The manual elaborates on a wide rang of logistics management issues such as carrying assessements, procurement, storing, transporting and distribution of emergency supplies
