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1
According to the National Institute of Statistics and Demography (NSID) 168,094 persons out of Burkina Faso’s 14,017,262 inhabitants are living with a physical, sensory or mental disability. The numbers are questioned as the effort to collect in-depth statistics has not been great. Furthermore, mu
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ch of the statistics is only collected in more densely populated provinces and towns and not in smaller rural communities. Handicap International (HI) estimates that the number is as high as 7 per cent.
more
Journal des anthropologues Association française des anthropologues
122-123 | 2010
Si le malaise ressenti lorsque l’on se trouve en présence du handicap constitue un invariant culturel (Stiker, 2005), chaque culture lui confère néanmoins une signification particulière (Murphy, 1990). Quelle
...
s sont alors les spécificités des situations de handicap au Burkina Faso ? Les idées reçues sur le continent africain sont nombreuses (Courade, 2006) : concernant le traitement des personnes handicapées, les représentations oscillent selon Poizat (2007) entre « afro-optimisme » et « afro-pessimisme » ; si la solidarité communautaire est parfois considérée comme garantissant leur non-singularisation (Guilmain-Gauthier & Jacquemin, 1994), les croyances traditionnelles relatives au « monde invisible » sont souvent invoquées comme déterminant à l’inverse leur maltraitance et leur exclusion (Devlieger, 1994).
more
As the number of transboundary pest and animal and foodborne disease outbreaks rises, so does the number of people who are chronically hungry due to these and other factors. The correlation can be explained by the link between our health and that of the planet. We rely on land and sea for the produc
...
tion of safe and quality foods for our daily nourishment. Pests and disease epidemics negatively impact the quality, quantity and safety of our food sources, and cripple economic growth and efficiencies in production. Furthermore, the epidemic and endemic levels of the pathogens and disease vectors can be difficult to control. This is why FAO stresses and promotes the special efforts required for cost-effective preventive measures rather than the more expensive control, disinfestation, treatment and disposal measures. When preventive measures are late or difficult, preparedness and contingency plans must be in place to enable rapid response. Early warning systems, based on close monitoring, surveillance, and timely reporting are fundamental to warn and empower communities to safeguard their livelihoods and assets by enhancing disease and pest prevention measures and for government services to take immediate measures to protect communities and national economies.
more
Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) are a significant burden globally, with millions of patients affected each year. These infections affect both high- and limited-resource healthcare settings, but in limited-resource settings, rates are approximately twice as high as high-resource settings (15 o
...
ut of every 100 patients versus 7 out of every 100 patients). Furthermore, rates of infections within certain patient populations are significantly higher in limited-resource settings, including surgical patients, patients in intensive-care units (ICU) and neonatal units. It is well documented that environmental contamination plays a role in the transmission of HAIs in healthcare settings. Therefore, environmental cleaning is a fundamental intervention for infection prevention and control (IPC).It is a multifaceted intervention that involves cleaning and disinfection (when indicated) of the environment alongside other key program elements to support successful implementation (e.g., leadership support, training, monitoring, and feedback mechanisms). To be effective, environmental cleaning activities must be implemented within the framework of the facility IPC program, and not as a standalone intervention. It is also essential that IPC programs advocate for and work with facility administration and government officials to budget, operate and maintain adequate water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) infrastructure to ensure that environmental cleaning can be performed according to best practices.
more
Infectious diseases are constantly in transition. New diseases develop, known dis-eases become widespread or reemerge, and occasionally a disease is eradicated.Infectious diseases such as HIV, tuberculosis, and cholera are significant causes ofillness and death in many parts of the world. Health car
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e personnel are on thefront lines, helping to protect their clients from infectious diseases and treatingthem when infections occur. During the course of their work, health care person-nel perform clinical procedures or other activities that can expose both them andtheir clients to potentially infectious microorganisms. Many of their clients aresick and thus may be more susceptible to infections or may have infections thatcan be transmitted to others. Fortunately, all staff working at health care facilities can perform simple proce-dures to minimize risk—to themselves and clients—and reduce the spread ofinfections. These practices can be integrated at minimal cost into the routineworkday at clinics and hospitals around the world. This reference booklet isspecifically designed for use at all levels of the health care system, from thelargest hospitals to the smallest dispensaries or health posts, in settings whereresources are scarce. This booklet, which was first published in 1999, has now been updated. Whilemost practices remain the same, there have been a few important changes—forexample, in recommendations related to hand hygiene and standard precautions.Nonetheless, this booklet continues to present practical recommendations forsimple and relatively low-cost procedures that can be implemented anywhere,with basic supplies and little to no high-technology equipment.
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Guía práctica para mejorar la calidad de la atención mediante los servicios de agua, saneamiento e higiene en los establecimientos de salud
Guide pratique pour l'amélioration de la qualité des soins grâce à de meilleurs services d'eau, d'assainissement et d'hygiène dans les établissements de santé
Personne ne se rend dans un établissement de soins de santé pour tomber malade. On s’y rend pour aller mieux, pour accoucher, pour se faire vacciner. Cependant, des centaines de millions de gens sont confrontés à un risque accru d’infection quand ils se font soigner dans des établissements
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de santé où les services de première nécessité font défaut, y compris les services d’approvisionnement en eau, d’assainissement et d’hygiène (WASH) et les services de gestion des déchets médicaux. Non seulement l’absence de services WASH dans les établissements de santé compromet la sécurité sanitaire des patients et leur dignité, mais il peut éventuellement exacerber la propagation d’infections résistant aux antimicrobiens et compromettre les efforts faits en vue de l’amélioration de la santé maternelle et infantile.
more
Confronted with the important issue of patient safety, in 2002 the Fifty-fifth World Health Assembly adopted a resolution urging countries to pay the closest possible attention to the problem and to strengthen safety and monitoring systems. In May 2004, the Fifty-seventh World Health Assembly approv
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ed the creation of an international alliance as a global initiative to improve patient safety. The World Alliance for Patient Safety was launched in October 2004 and currently has its place in the WHO Patient Safety programme included in the Information, Evidence and Research Cluster.
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Water, sanitation, hygiene, and waste management for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19
recommended
Updated Interim guidance 29 July 2020
The provision of safe water, sanitation and waste management and hygienic conditions is essential for preventing and for protecting human health during all infectious disease outbreaks, including of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Ensuring evidenced-based
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and consistently applied WASH and waste management practices in communities, homes, schools, marketplaces, and healthcare facilities will help prevent human-to-human transmission of pathogens including SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19.
more
Los servicios de emergencias médicas prehospitalarias (SEM) facilitan atención inicial de soporte vital básico y/o avanzado y traslado de heridos o enfermos desde el lugar donde ocurre la emergencia hasta el centro sanitario donde le van a prestar cuidados definitivos. Los SEM también pueden pre
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star traslado de pacientes desde una instalación de salud a otra de mayor nivel o complejidad, en lo que se conoce como traslado interhospitalario. Los servicios de ambulancia es el componente más conocido y puede ser prestado por diferentes proveedores que pueden ir desde departamentos de bomberos, organizaciones de voluntarios o servicios adscritos a universidades hasta hospitales que cuentan con su propio servicio de ambulancias para cubrir a sus usuarios. Los SEM prehospitalarios también incluyen otros componentes como los centros tipo 911 o los Centro Reguladores de Urgencia y Emergencias (CRUE) y los programas de primer respondiente. Todos ellos deben integrase de una forma coordinada con las redes integradas de servicios de salud para asegurar una continuidad de los cuidados de salud prestados a la persona herida o enferma. Durante emergencias de salud pública, los servicios de emergencia medicas prehospitalarias pueden verse superados por el número de llamadas o demanda de traslados médicos.
more
La capacidad de respuesta de un hospital puede ser superada por la llegada masiva de pacientes que soliciten atención médica como consecuencia de una situación de emergencia. Ante este escenario, se debe considerar si el establecimiento de salud está organizado para garantizar la gestión integr
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al de la respuesta hospitalaria, el funcionamiento de los mecanismos de coordinación, el manejo integral de la información, las capacidades logísticas para facilitar la respuesta, y los recursos necesarios para su ejecución, así como para una respuesta integral a los pacientes, precautelando la salud y bienestar de los trabajadores de salud. (7)
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MICROBIAL DRUG RESISTANCEVolume 24, Number 5, 2018ªMary Ann Liebert, Inc.DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2017.0383
Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is a worldwide publichealth concern, with serious health, economic, and so-cietal repercussions. Its emergence is attributed to the se-lective pressure exerted by antib
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iotic use in the community, hospitals, veterinary health, agriculture, aquaculture, and the environment. Additionally aggravating the situation is the fact that very few new antibiotics have recently been produced by pharmaceutical companies. It is widely acknowledged that food animals are key reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and that antibiotic usage in this population favors the emergence, selection, and spread of resistance among animals and humans, both through zoonoses (infectious diseases trans-mitted between animals and humans) and the food chain.
more
The global increase of healthcare-associated infections (HAI) presents a growing concern in healthcare worldwide. According to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), the annual number of HAI exceeds 2.6million and produces the highest estimated amou
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nt of disability-adjust-ed-life-years, surpassing all other reported communicable diseases in the European Union and European Economic Area. Multi-drug-resistant Gram-negative (MDR-GN) bacteria have become increasingly common as a cause for HAI, such as central line-as-sociated bloodstream infections, wound or surgical site infections and catheter-associated urinary tract infections
more
La résistance aux antimicrobiens (ou RAM, cette abréviation étant est ici également employée en mode adjectif pour désigner les organismes « résistants aux antimicrobiens ») est une préoccupation majeure pour la santé publique mondiale et une question de sécurité san
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itaire des aliments. Lorsque des pathogènes deviennent résistants aux agents antimicrobiens, ils peuvent présenter un risque plus important pour la santé découlant d’un éventuel échec thérapeutique, de la diminution de choix thérapeutiques et de la probabilité accrue d’apparition et de gravité de la maladie. Les problèmes en rapport avec la RAM sont liés de façon inhérente à l’usage des antimicrobiens dans tous les types d’environnements, y compris les utilisations humaines et non humaines. L'utilisation d’agents antimicrobiens dans la production alimentaire animale et végétale représente un facteur de risque important pour la sélection et la transmission de micro-organismes résistants aux antimicrobiens (micro-organismes RAM) et de déterminants de la résistance aux antimicrobiens (déterminants de la RAM) des animaux et des plantes alimentaires à l’humain par sa consommation d’aliments.
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A conceptual framework for the environmental surveillance of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance
Patricia M.C. Huijbers, Carl-Fredrik Flach, D.G. Joakim Larsson
Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe), University of Gothenburg
(2019)
C2
The systematic surveillance of antibiotic use and antibiotic re-sistance prevalence in humans and animals is imperative for managingbacterial infectious disease (JPIAMR, 2019;WHO, 2015). Many low-income countries currently face substantial challenges in building national surveillance systems due to
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a lack of infrastructure and resources,resulting in a shortage of systematic data (FAO/OIE/WHO, 2018)
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Handbook of COVID-19 Prevention and Treatment
recommended
Handbook of COVID-19 Prevention and Treatment, expecting to share their invaluable practical advice and references with medical staff around the world. This handbook compared and analyzed the experience of other experts in China, and provides good reference to key departments such as hospital infect
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ion management, nursing, and outpatient clinics. This handbook provides comprehensive guidelines and best practices by China's top experts for coping with COVID-19.
This handbook, provided by the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, describes how organizations can minimize the cost while maximizing the effect of measures to manage and control the coronavirus outbreak. The handbook also discusses why hospitals and other healthcare institutions should have command centers when encountering a large-scale emergency in the context of COVID-19. This handbook also includes the following：
- Technical strategies for addressing issues during emergencies.
- Treatment methods to treat the critically ill.
- Efficient clinical decision-making support.
- Best practices for key departments like inflection management and outpatient clinics.
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Interim Version 24, February 2020
This checklist has been prepared with the aim of supporting hospital managers and emergency planners in achieving the above by defining and initiating actions needed to ensure a rapid response to the COVID-19 outbreak. The checklist is structured on eleven key co
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mponents; under each component, there is a list of questions regarding the status of implementation of the recommended action specific to that component. Hospitals at risk of increased health service demand should be prepared to initiate the implementation of each action promptly. The section on “Recommended reading” lists selected tools, guidelines and strategies relevant to each component, as well as other supporting documentation.
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O Plano Nacional de Preparação e Resposta para a doença por novo coronavírus (COVID-19) é uma ferramenta estratégica de preparação e resposta a uma potencial epidemia pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2. Este Plano tem como referencial as orientações da Organização Mundial da Saúde e do Centro Europ
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eu de Prevenção e Controlo de Doenças, sendo o documento de referência nacional no que respeita ao planeamento da resposta a COVID-19. Apesar do conhecimento atualmente disponível em relação a características do SARSCoV-2 nomeadamente o seu comportamento patogénico, potencial de transmissibilidade e outros fatores determinantes não estar completo, é útil considerar, para efeitos de implementação de medidas, uma analogia entre a atual epidemia por SARS-CoV-2 e a gripe pandémica. Apesar de desafiantes, estas características tornam ainda mais premente o planeamento estruturado para diferentes cenários nesta emergência de saúde pública.
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Cancellation of elective surgical procedures in the university teaching hospital center Yalgado Ouedraogo in Burkina Faso: incidence, reasons and proposals for improvement
Lankoande M., P. Bonkoungou, S. Traore et al.
Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia
(2016)
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Cancellation of scheduled surgery leads to operating theatre under-occupancy and is recognised as a major cause of emotional trauma to patients and their families. This study aimed to assess the incidence of elective surgery cancellation in order to make proposals for healthcare improvement.
