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1
Rabies is a vaccine-preventable, zoonotic, viral disease affecting the central nervous system. Once clinical symptoms appear, rabies is virtually 100% fatal. In up to 99% of cases, domestic dogs are responsible for rabies virus transmission to human
...
s. Yet, rabies can affect both domestic and wild animals. It spreads to people and animals via saliva, usually through bites, scratches or direct contact with mucosa (e.g. eyes, mouth or open wounds). Children between the age of 5 and 14 years are frequent victims.
more
In the Indian state of Bihar, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a major public health issue that has been aggravated by the rising incidence of new Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. In endemic areas, the risk of VL infections in patients l
...
iving with HIV (PLHIV) is higher. It is important to investigate the disease-related knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of PLHIV in Bihar in order to monitor HIV/VL co-infection. Adequate knowledge, a positive attitude, and good practices for VL control are essential to stamp out the disease. This study investigated the KAP towards VL in HIV patients attending antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinic at ICMR-RMRIMS, Patna.
more
Website last accessed on 31.03.2023
Le chikungunya a été identifié pour la première fois en Tanzanie en 1952. Depuis 2004, on constate une propagation rapide du virus du chikungunya, ce dernier ayant été détecté dans plus de 60 pays.
Chikungunya was first identified in Tanzania in 1952. Since 2004, there has been a rapid spread of the chikungunya virus, which has been detected in over 60 countries.
Website last accessed on 31.03.2023
El chikungunya se identificó por primera vez en Tanzania en 1952. Desde 2004, se ha producido una rápida propagación del virus chikungunya, que se ha detectado en más de 60 países.
The Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) was established in 2017, after the west Africa Ebola virus disease outbreak. Upon creation, the
role of Africa CDC was to mandate strengthening of the capacity of public health inst
...
itutions in Africa to prevent, detect, and respond to disease threats, based on science, policy, and data-driven interventions and programmes, as envisaged by the Abuja Declaration. The inaugural strategic plan was focused on building health systems for emergency preparedness and response. However, from its inception, the organisation recognised the concomitant need to comprehensively strengthen systems to prevent and manage noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and injuries, and to face the neglected issue of mental health disorders. The division dedicated to these issues was conceptualised, but operationalisation was deferred to a future date.
more
Las enfermedades transmitidas por vectores (ETV) son enfermedades infecciosas propagadas por organismos intermediarios como insectos hematófagos, garrapatas, ácaros, caracoles y roedores, que transmiten virus, parásitos y bacterias a los seres hu
...
manos. Estas enfermedades son la causa de una notable carga de enfermedad y mortalidad, que afecta a las personas enfermas, sus familias y sus comunidades. En la presente publicación se revisan y actualizan los principales métodos e indicadores de vigilancia entomológica, así como las medidas de control vectorial utilizadas contra las ETV en la Región de las Américas. Su elaboración se inscribe en la misión de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS) de desarrollar actividades encaminadas a fortalecer la capacidad y las buenas prácticas entomológicas en salud pública de los países de la Región. Asimismo, el contenido se ha armonizado con los principios y fundamentos del marco estratégico mundial de la Organización Mundial de la Salud para el manejo integrado de vectores, adoptado como referencia técnica por la OPS para la organización y la estructuración de los programas de control de vectores en la Región. Se trata de un trabajo exhaustivo e integral que proporciona a los responsables de los programas nacionales de control vectorial, epidemiólogos, entomólogos y otros interesados directos acceso rápido a la información más relevante disponible.
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This country profile presents a summary and analysis of Argentina's status with yellow fever. It is part of a series of profiles on this topic, each focusing on a different country in the Region of the Americas. Argentina's geographical location presents a wide territorial extension throughout diffe
...
rent latitudes, which determines a wide climatic variety, maintaining the conditions for the enzootic transmission of the yellow fever virus in jungle areas of the northeast of the country bordering Brazil and Paraguay. After controlling the major urban epidemics that hit the port city of Buenos Aires in the 20th century, Argentina maintains foci of enzootic activity in the northeast and isolated human cases for jungle acquisition. The increases in viral activity usually occur in a regional context of epizootics that affect southern Brazil and eastern Paraguay. Argentina has not presented autochthonous cases since 2008. Outbreaks have been sporadic with long intervals without evidence of viral activity.
more
Pathogen genomic surveillance has become a priority for public health systems in recent years. Genomic sequencing is increasingly being used to characterize pathogens and monitor important public health priorities (e.g. poliovirus, influenza virus,
...
Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Vibrio cholerae, antimicrobial resistance (AMR)). The decrease in cost and time of sequencing and the exponential development of bioinformatic pipelines have played a critical role in integrating pathogen genomics into routine public health surveillance. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the role that sequencing plays in the surveillance of infectious diseases. Sequencing facilitates earlier detection, more accurate investigation of outbreaks, closer real-time monitoring of pathogen evolution and tailored development and evaluation of interventions to inform local to global public health decision-making and action. However, there remains a need to coordinate efforts, leverage and link existing surveillance and laboratory networks and capabilities, and systematically integrate genetic sequence data (GSD) with clinical and epidemiological data to strengthen its utility.
more
There has been a global outbreak of mpox since 2022; this outbreak has been caused by the strain of mpox virus called Clade 2 and has affected around 116 countries worldwide. The current surge in cases is being driven by the rapid spread of a differ
...
ent strain – Clade 1b – which is predominantly affecting countries across the African region, particularly DRC, Burundi, Kenya, Uganda and Rwanda [1]. The guidance in this document applies to both Clades of mpox. WHO publishes a dashboard of updated cases globally here. Different Clades and Sub-Clades of mpox behave slightly differently to each other; WHO is monitoring for any significant differences between the Clades, including transmission routes. This guidance will be updated as more information becomes available on this issue.
more
Mpox can spread in humans through close contact, usually skin-to-skin contact, including sexual contact, with an infected person or animal, as well as with materials contaminated with the virus such as clothing, beddings and towels, and respiratory
...
droplets in prolonged face to face contact. People remain infectious from the onset of symptoms until all the lesions have scabbed and healed. The virus may spread from infected animals through handling infected meat or through bites or scratches. Diagnosis is confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of material from a lesion for the virus’s DNA.
more
Tuberculosis (TB) is among the top ten most common causes of death globally and as a single infectious disease it top among infectious diseases. Furthermore, it is noted as the top causes of death among people infected with the human immunodeficiency virus
...
(HIV). Despite recent decreases in the number of notified cases, Namibia still has a high TB burden and is included among the top 30 high-burden TB countries by the World Health Organisation (WHO). In the 2018 Global TB Report, the estimated incidence rate of TB in Namibia was 423/100,000. The same report estimated that 60 people per 100,000 populations died of TB in Namibia, which is a concern, for a disease that is curable and preventable.
more
Mpox, previously known as monkeypox, is a viral illness caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV).1
It causes a painful rash, enlarged lymph nodes, fever, headache, muscle ache, back pain and low energy or feeling sick. In most cases, the symptoms of m
...
pox go away within a few weeks with supportive care. In some people, the illness can be severe
or lead to complications and even death.
more
Target Malaria is an innovative project that aims to reduce the population of mosquitoes that transmit malaria in sub-Saharan Africa, thereby decreasing disease transmission. As part of its work to combat malaria, Target Malaria has started contained studies at the Uganda
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Virus Research Institute (UVRI) in Uganda.
Accessed on 01/07/2025.
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The page lists and describes a number of mobile apps and digital tools provided by WHO/EMRO to support prevention, monitoring and response to epidemic- and pandemic-prone diseases. These include apps focused on diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Zika
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virus disease, travel-related infection prevention, and general infection-control guidance.
In addition, there are tools such as assessment instruments for infection prevention and control programmes (IPC), and portals for emerging infectious-disease information and outbreak investigation support.
Overall, the page serves as a gateway to digital resources that help healthcare workers and public-health professionals access WHO technical guidance, coordinate outbreak responses, and implement control measures for a variety of infectious-disease threats.
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Video: Imaginez un monde dans lequel les infections et les maladies chez les animaux, les humains et les plantes ne pourraient pas être traitées. Ce scénario catastrophe pourrait devenir une réalité, car certains virus, champignons, parasites e
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t certaines bactéries développent une résistance aux médicaments que nous utilisons pour les combattre. La résistance aux antimicrobiens (RAM) est devenue l'un des problèmes de santé les plus pressants de notre époque. Des solutions existent et chacun a un rôle à jouer pour faire face à cette menace mondiale.
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This video, created in collaboration with our Horizon Infectious Disease specialists, explores the fundamentals of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) & acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
From transmission to treatment, this video provide
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s concise, accurate information on diagnosis, early symptoms, causes, prevention, and patient treatment options.
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Logistics is a key component of the function of the Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS). Logistics supports the smooth functioning of GISRS through providing advice, guidance and assistance with regards to shipping virus sample
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s, provision of reagents and other laboratory supplies, and interaction with the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), biosafety and courier service. It also includes the management of urgent shipments during outbreaks and other emergencies.
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This form should be completed for all health workers who have been exposed to a patient with Ebola, their body fluids, or objects contaminated with body fluids. The form aids in the risk assessment for health workers (HW’s) after exposure to determine the risk categorization of each HW and inform
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the management of the exposed HW based on risk. This form is applicable for the Ebola virus (EBOV) belonging to Sudan Ebolavirus species and Zaire Ebolavirus species in the Genus Ebolavirus.
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Este documento apresenta uma orientação provisória aos Estados Membros para uma rápida investigação de casos suspeitos de COVID-19 após um alerta ou sinal. Tem como propósito ser utilizada por autoridades de saúde locais, regionais ou nacionais como considerações para a investigação de
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casos de COVID-19. Não deve ser considerada como um guia abrangente para investigação do surto. Há orientações detalhadas disponíveis para a investigação de surto de outros patógenos respiratórios, incluindo o MERS-CoV e influenza. Maiores informações sobre a investigação de surto para a COVID-19 podem ser encontradas no OpenWHO website.Essa orientação pode ser implementada em diferentes países com vários recursos e padrões epidemiológicos e deve ser adaptada da forma mais adequada. Este documento tem como objetivo descrever os componentes específicos necessários para uma investigação. Ela é elaborada com base no conhecimento sobre a epidemia da COVID-19 e considerações semelhantes para outros patógenos respiratórios, incluindo o vírus MERS-CoV e influenza. A OMS continuará atualizando essas recomendações à medida que surgirem mais informações.
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