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The active participation and engagement of health and care workers (HCWs) in health emergency preparedness, readiness and response is crucial to support risk communication, community engagemen
...
t and infodemic management (RCCE-IM) interventions during emergencies. HCWs hold unique positions in society – repeatedly being identified among the main influencers of people’s behaviours: they are one of the most trusted sources of health information and advice in communities and role models for the acceptance and uptake of protective measures during health emergencies. On the frontline, HCWs have valuable insights and knowledge that can be harnessed to support health emergencies across the entire emergency cycle. Between October and December 2023, the WHO Regional Office for Europe interviewed key informants on strategies and experiences to meaningfully engage HCWs during emergencies
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In Sierra Leone, Health care delivery is organized around a three-tier system i) primary level constituting peripheral health units (community health
...
centers, community health posts, and maternal and child health posts secondary level constituting district hospitals tertiary level comprising regional and national referral hospitals [Figure 3].
more
WHO, as the coordinating authority on international health, supports countries in protecting public health through evidence-based policies and actions. Considering the significant
...
health burden and the multiple potential benefits of interventions, the WHO Air Quality, Energy and Health Unit aims to support countries by providing evidence, building institutional capacity and leveraging the “health argument” to convene sectors to tackle air pollution and accelerate energy access.
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PHSM are vital in reducing the risk and scale of infectious disease transmission and lowering hospitalization and deaths. Examples include contact tracing, quarantine and isolation, mask use, ventilation, school or workplace measures, mobility restrictions and travel requirements.
While these mea
...
sures are essential, decision-making on PHSM becomes particularly complex during rapidly evolving health emergencies, with incomplete information and under significant public and political pressure, especially when the pathogen is novel or poorly understood. In such contexts, guidance needs to be agile and responsive, developed and adapted based on emerging evidence and shifting epidemiological patterns. Decision-makers are frequently confronted with difficult trade-offs, having to balance measures that are:
─ effective but socially disruptive;
─ cost-effective but logistically burdensome;
─ beneficial for public health but economically disruptive; or
─ practical but inequitable or unethical
more
Policy brief. In this policy brief, we give an update on those parts of the guidelines which are relevant for trans and gender diverse people.
This document aims to provide public health authorities in European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries with guidance for improved preparedness planning taking the lessons that have been identified through various activities in the c
...
ontext of recent public health crises (e.g. COVID-19 pandemic, mpox multi-country outbreak 2022–23) and translating them to concrete advice. This document, together with the ECDC recommendations on the implementation of public health and social measures (PHSMs) for health emergencies and pandemics published in 2024, form a package of concrete recommendations for preparedness planning for the EU/EEA countries. Lessons learned primarily from the response to the COVID-19 pandemic, but also from the response to the multicountry mpox outbreak in 2022–23, were collected through various activities from Member States, the European Commission, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the WHO Regional Office from Europe. We have then presented these in the form of specific recommendations for planners within each phase of the continuous cycle of preparedness (Anticipation, Response and Recovery), following a prototype structure of a preparedness and response plan. In each section, we have presented a relevant example from a Member State or international organisation to illustrate their practice or attempt to implement lessons after COVID-19 or the mpox outbreak. These examples were identified either through literature review or communication with representatives of the countries within ECDC’s network for Preparedness and Response.
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Early Warning and Response to Outbreaks and other Public Health Events: A Guide provides practical guidance for strengthening early warning functions within existing public health surveillance syste
...
ms in WHO’s South-East Asia Region. The document explains how countries can detect, verify, and respond rapidly to outbreaks and other unusual public health events in line with the International Health Regulations (2005). It describes the five key steps of an Early Warning and Response (EWAR) system—information collection, signal detection, event verification, response, and communication—and outlines how to set alert thresholds, identify signals, and ensure timely reporting. The guide also includes recommendations for monitoring and evaluating system performance to improve timeliness, sensitivity, and overall effectiveness in preventing and controlling public health threats.
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The document “Strengthening the global architecture for health emergency prevention, preparedness, response and resilience” presents a report by the Director-General of the World Health Organiza
...
tion (WHO) to the World Health Assembly on global efforts to improve preparedness and response to health emergencies. It reviews the implementation of the Health Emergency Prevention, Preparedness, Response and Resilience (HEPR) framework and highlights lessons learned from recent crises such as COVID-19. The report describes international initiatives to strengthen global health governance, surveillance systems, laboratory networks, community protection measures, healthcare capacity and access to medical countermeasures like vaccines and diagnostics. It also discusses coordination of emergency responses, support for countries facing outbreaks or humanitarian crises, and the importance of international cooperation. In addition, the report emphasizes the need for sustainable and coordinated financing to strengthen global health security and ensure that countries can better prevent, detect and respond to future health threats.
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The World report on promoting the health of refugees and migrants: Monitoring progress on the WHO global action plan provides the first global baseline for assessing implementation of the 2019-2030 WHO Global Action Plan on Promoting the
...
Health of Refugees and Migrants (GAP). Building on the 2022 World report on the health of refugees and migrants, it examines how countries are integrating refugee and migrant health into broader public health, migration governance, development, and universal health coverage (UHC) agendas.
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This multi-hazard Health Emergency Alert and Response Framework provides guidance for coordinating emergency response in countries, under the global Health Emergency Preparedness, Resilience and Res
...
ponse (HEPR) framework. It outlines the public health functions, coordination systems and actions needed for effective local, sub-national and national response to a broad range of health emergencies, including disasters. The audience for this framework is the primary national and sub-national authorities with the designated responsibility for health emergency coordination.
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Guidelines on care, treatment and support for women living with HIV/AIDS and their children in resource-constrained settings
It provides insight into WHO’s work that aims to improve the health of the people of the United Republic of Tanzania in collaboration with key stakeholders.
The purpose of this document is to address specific needs and considerations for essential oral health services in the context of COVID-19 in accordance with WHO operational guidance on maintaining essential
...
health services. This interim guidance is intended for public health authorities, chief dental officers at ministries of health and oral health care personnel working in private and public health sectors. The document may be subject to change as new information becomes available.
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Drawing light from the pandemic: A new strategy for health and sustainable development (2021)
Available in English, French, German and Russian
The Guidelines for the Prevention, Surveillance and Management of COVID-19 Infection amongst Health Care Workers (HCW) in Zimbabwe were developed to prevent, detect and manage HCW COVID-19 infection, an emerging pandemic affecting the whole world. T
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he HCW is at the fore front of this pandemic, thus the need for standardised operating procedures is of utmost importance. These guidelines therefore seek to reduce the significant morbidity and mortality among the HCW, ultimately ensuring the reduction of the cost to the health care worker and the Ministry of Health and Child Care (MoHCC) as a whole. The Ministry of Health and Child Care requires that all health care workers in various health care settings follow infection prevention and control procedures.
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The MHPSS MSP is an easy-to-follow intersectoral package, which spells out the activities and actions that all humanitarian actors should put in place in all emergencies for an effective MHPSS response. It speaks to different actors at the global, regional, national, and local levels to plan, coordi
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nate and implement an effective MHPSS response.
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The new Global Strategy aims to achieve the highest attainable standard of health for all women, children and adolescents, transform the future and ensure that every newborn, mother and child not only survives, but thrives.
Progress Report
