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Antimicrobial resistance in Africa: a systematic review

Tilahun Tadesse, B., E. A. Ashley, S. Ongarello et al. BMC Infectious Diseases (2017) C2

Internationally, there is a growing concern over antimicro-bial resistance (AMR) which is currently estimated to ac-count for more than 700,000 deaths per year worldwide. If no appropriate measures are taken to halt its pro-gress, AMR will cost approximately 10 million lives andabout US$100 trillion ... more

Government policy interventions to reduce human antimicrobial use: A systematic review and evidence map

Van Katwyk, S. R.; Grimshaw, J. M.; et al (2019) C2

BACKGROUND: Growing political attention to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) offers a rare opportunity for achieving meaningful action. Many governments have developed national AMR action plans, but most have not yet implemented policy interventions to reduce antimicrobial overuse. A systematic evidenc ... e map can support governments in making evidence-informed decisions about implementing programs to reduce AMR, by identifying, describing, and assessing the full range of evaluated government policy options to reduce antimicrobial use in humans. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Seven databases were searched from inception to January 28, 2019, (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PAIS Index, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and PubMed). We identified studies that (1) clearly described a government policy intervention aimed at reducing human antimicrobial use, and (2) applied a quantitative design to measure the impact. We found 69 unique evaluations of government policy interventions carried out across 4 of the 6 WHO regions. These evaluations included randomized controlled trials (n = 4), non-randomized controlled trials (n = 3), controlled before-and-after designs (n = 7), interrupted time series designs (n = 25), uncontrolled before-and-after designs (n = 18), descriptive designs (n = 10), and cohort designs (n = 2). From these we identified 17 unique policy options for governments to reduce the human use of antimicrobials. Many studies evaluated public awareness campaigns (n = 17) and antimicrobial guidelines (n = 13); however, others offered different policy options such as professional regulation, restricted reimbursement, pay for performance, and prescription requirements. Identifying these policies can inform the development of future policies and evaluations in different contexts and health systems. Limitations of our study include the possible omission of unpublished initiatives, and that policies not evaluated with respect to antimicrobial use have not been captured in this review. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge this is the first study to provide policy makers with synthesized evidence on specific government policy interventions addressing AMR. In the future, governments should ensure that AMR policy interventions are evaluated using rigorous study designs and that study results are published. more

Safe Reopening of Borders to Save Lives, Economies and Livelihoods in Africa

African Union; Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention; et al. (2021) C1

17 February 2021 During the second joint meeting of African ministers responsible for health, ICT and transport on the rollout of the Africa Against COVID-19: Saving Lives, Economies and Livelihoods campaign, a call was made to African countries to ... more

FAO Action Plan on AMR in food and agriculture

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO (2016) C2

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a threat to human and animal health and refers to the ability of microorganisms to defy the medicines prescribed. For instance when antibiotics are used improperly, such as an incorrect dose, insufficient duration o ... more

Modelling the effects of global climate change on Chikungunya transmission in the 21st century

Tjaden, N.B.; J.E. Suk, D. Fischer et al. Nature Scientific Reports (2017) CC

The arrival and rapid spread of the mosquito-borne viral disease Chikungunya across the Americas is one of the most significant public health developments of recent years, preceding and mirroring th ... more

Acute Chagas Disease: New Global Challenges for an Old Neglected Disease

Andrade, D.; Gollob, K.; Dutra, W. PLoS Neglected Tropical diseases (2015) CC

Abstract: Chagas disease is caused by infection with the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, and although over 100 years have passed since the discovery of Chagas disease, it still presents an increasing problem for global public ... more

Fiji National Antimicrobial Resistance Action Plan

The Government of Fiji (2015) C2

AMR is a serious and growing global problem. A WHO report released in 2014 stated that this serious threat is no longer a prediction for the future it is happening now in every region of the world and has potential to affect anyone, of any age in any community – a real threat to the ... more

Responding to a polio outbreak. Guidelines
recommended

Polio Global Eradication Intiative (2011)

The occurrence of a case of wild polio in a previously polio free area as presently in Syria, whether through importation, laboratory accident, or mutation of vaccine virus (VDPV), should be considered a public ... more

Knowledge, attitude and practices towards visceral leishmaniasis among HIV patients: A cross-sectional study from Bihar, India

Devipriya, J.; Gupta, A.; Veeri, B. PLOS One (2021) CC

In the Indian state of Bihar, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a major public health issue that has been aggravated by the rising incidence of new Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. In end ... more

The Epidemiology of Trachoma in Mozambique: Results of 96 Population-Based Prevalence Surveys.

Abdala, M et al (2017) C1

Surveys are needed to guide trachoma control efforts in Mozambique, with WHO guidelines for intervention based on the prevalence of trachomatous inflammation–follicular (TF) in children aged 1–9 years and the prevalence of trichiasis in adults aged 15 years and above. We conducted surveys to com ... more

Worldwide Control and Management of Chagas Disease in a New Era of Globalization: a Close Look at Congenital Trypanosoma cruzi Infection.

Abras A., Ballart C., Fernández-Arévalo A., Clinical Microbiology Reviews (2022) CC

April 2022 Volume 35 Issue 2 e00152-21 Population movements have turned Chagas disease (CD) into a global public health problem. Despite the successful implementation of subregional initiatives to ... more

DHR-ICMR GUIDELINES FOR DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF RICKETTSIAL DISEASES IN INDIA

Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) (2015) C1

The present DHR-ICMR guidelines comprehensively address the various concerns regarding the clinical assessment, treatment, and laboratory diagnosis of rickettsial diseases in India and the world. It is hoped that physicians, health care workers, the ... more

Guide to community engagement in WASH
recommended

Niederberger, E.; S. Ferron and M. O'Reilly Oxfam (2016) C1

A practioner's guide, based on lessons from Ebola. This guide is a compilation of best practices and key lessons learned through Oxfam’s experience of community engagement during the 2014–15 Ebola response in Sierra Leone and Liberia. It aims to inform ... more

Policy Brief for the Legal Framework on Infection Prevention and Control

African Union; Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (2022) C1

The Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) Legal Framework comes before the Specialized Technical Committee on Health and Drug Control for adoption and endorsement. The IPC Legal Framework is designed to guide Member States in the review and strengt ... more

Practical Recommendations and Good Practice to Address Protection Concerns in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Reliefweb; OCHA Services; UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) (2020) CC

9 April 2020 The COVID-19 pandemic is presenting States in Europe with an extraordinary and unprecedented public health emergency. In response, States are taking necessary and legitimate measures ... more

Guideline for Adverse Drug Reactions Reporting for Healthcare Professionals

SAHPRA (2020) CC

Communication to Healthcare Professionals Mar-2020 This guideline is intended to assist healthcare professionals in the participation of very important process of continuous surveillance of safety and efficacy of the ... more

Testing for tuberculosis infection and screening for tuberculosis disease among incoming refugees from Ukraine to European countries

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ECDC (2022) C1

7 April 2022. Aimed at national policymakers, public health and healthcare planners, staff working in reception centres, and healthcare staff caring for displaced persons, the information note concl ... more

Pakistan Preparedness & Response Plan COVID-19

Government of Pakistan Reliefweb (2020) CC

The COVID-19 Pakistan Preparedness and Response Plan (PPRP) outlines the international assistance required by the Government of Pakistan (GoP) to stop the transmission of the pandemic and respond to the emerging public ... more

Prevención, identificación y gestión de las infecciones de los profesionales sanitarios en el contexto de la COVID-19
recommended

Organización Mundial de la Salud OMS (2020) C_WHO

This document provides interim guidance on the prevention, identification and management of health worker infection in the context of COVID-19. It is intended for occupational health departments, in ... more

The climate crisis and Cholera: Integrating data and research to inform decision making

Global Task Force On Cholera Control (GTFCC) (2023) CC

From February 22-23, 2023, the Wellcome Trust and the Global Task Force on Cholera Control (GTFCC) brought together researchers, decision makers, and public health implementers to participate in a v ... more