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Guidance to facilitate monitoring and evaluation for antimicrobial resistance national action plans

Quadripartite: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO; UN Environment Programme UNEP; World Health Organization WHO; World Organisation for Animal Health WAHO (2023) CC

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global human, animal, plant and environment health threat that needs to be addressed by every country. The impacts of AMR are wide-ranging in terms of human health, animal health, food security and safety, environmental effects on ecosystems and biodiversity, and ...socioeconomic development. Just like the climate crisis, AMR poses a significant threat to the delivery of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The response to the AMR crisis has been spearheaded through the global action plan on antimicrobial resistance (GAP-AMR), developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2015, in close collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH), and formally endorsed by the three organizations’ governing bodies and by the Political Declaration of the high-level meeting of the United Nations General Assembly on AMR in 2016. In 2022, the three organizations officially became the Quadripartite by welcoming the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) into the alliance “to accelerate coordination strategy on human, animal and ecosystem health”. The aim of the GAP-AMR is to ensure the continuity of successful treatment with effective and safe medicines. Its strategic objectives include: • improving the awareness and understanding of AMR; • strengthening the knowledge and evidence base through surveillance and research; • reducing the incidence of infection through effective sanitation, hygiene and infection prevention measures; optimizing the use of antimicrobial medicines in human and animal health; and • developing the economic case for sustainable investment that takes account of the needs of all countries and increasing investment in new medicines, diagnostic tools, vaccines and other interventions. With the adoption of the GAP-AMR, countries agreed to develop national action plans (NAPs) aligned with the GAP-AMR to mainstream AMR interventions nationally. Individually, the Quadripartite took action to advance AMR interventions in their respective sectors. FAO adopted a resolution on AMR recognizing that it poses an increasingly serious threat to public health and sustainable food production, and developed an AMR action plan to support the resolution’s implementation. For its part, WOAH developed a strategy on AMR aligned with the GAP-AMR, acknowledging the importance of a One Health approach to AMR. Similarly, more recently, UNEP’s governing body, the United Nations Environment Assembly, recognized that AMR is a current and increasing threat and a challenge to global health, food security and the sustainable development of all countries, and welcomed the GAP-AMR and the NAPs developed in accordance with its five overarching strategic objectives more

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Health Pictograms

Rhodes University (2022) CC

Our target end-users are those with limited literacy. It is a challenging task to achieve success in this group as so much of what is "obvious" to those of us with good literacy skills is totally obscure to those who have never had the opportunity to learn the meaning of e.g. an arrow shape and what... more

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India Injection Safety Implementation Project

WHO Country Office for India (2016) C_WHO

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Pharmacovigilance for traditional medicine products: Why and how?

World Health Organization WHO (2018) C_WHO

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Guideline on the assessment of the risk to public health from antimicrobial resistance due to the use of an antimicrobial veterinary medicinal product in food producing animals

EMA European Medicines Agency (2018) C2

This guideline provides advice in regards to applications for Marketing Authorisations for antimicrobial veterinary medicinal products (VMPs) on the data required and the methodology to be used for performing an assessment of the risk to public health from antimicrobial resistance (AMR) due to use o... more

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Guidelines for Cunducting Clinical Trials of Medicines, Food Supplements, Vaccines, and Medical Devices in Sierra Leone

Pharmacy Board Sierra Leone (2014) C1

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Regional Strategy on Regulation of Medical Products in the African Region, 2016–2025

World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa (2016) C_WHO

Every day, fake medicines and medical products are sold at street corners, in open air markets or on unregulated websites in several countries in the African Region. These poor quality, unsafe medicines and pharmaceutical products promote drug resistance and lead to loss of confidence in health prof... more

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WHO standard acupuncture point locations in the Western Pacific region

World Health Organization (WHO) (2009) C_WHO

Acupuncture has been practised for more than 2500 years in the Western Pacific Region and has become a global therapeutic method in recent decades. However, it was reportedthat acupuncturists differed by up to 25% in the acupuncture points they used, raising doubts and uncertainty regarding the effi... more

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Good Pharmacovigilance Practices for the Americas

Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) (2011) C_WHO

In preparing this paper, the Pharmacovigilance Group of the Pan American Health Organization’s Pan American Network for Drug Regulatory Harmonization (PANDRH) adopted the perspective of PAHO/WHO, which considers Pharmacovigilance, an essential component of public health programs. Its intention was... more

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Falling short

International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease; Treatment Action Group; msh; ec al. (2017)

Ensuring Access to Simple, Safe and Effective First-Line Medicines for Tuberculosis. Accessed in November 2017.

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Guia Prático de Gestão em Saúde no Trabalho para Covid-19

Rosylane Nascimento das Mercês, Rocha Francisco Cortes Fernandes, Josierton Cruz Bezerra Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Gestão do Trabalho e da Educação em Saúde (2020) CC

Practical Guide to Occupational Health Management for Covid-19 A Associação Nacional de Medicina do Trabalho – ANAMT e a Secretaria de Gestão do Trabalho e da Educação em Saúde – SGETS/MS, considerando as ações governamentais das instâncias federal, estadual, distrital e municipal para... more

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Antimicrobial resistance and primary health care

World Health Organization WHO (2018) C_WHO

Despite the considerable improvement in global health, millions of people still lack access to quality health services, including access to effective antimicrobial medicines, or are impoverished as a result of health spending. At the same time, antimicrobial resistance – a consequence of overuse a... more

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Annual inspection report 2016/17

Office of Health Standards Compliance (OHSC), South Africa (2018) C1

The aim of the Annual Inspection Report is to present findings of public sector health establishments inspected by the OHSC to monitor compliance with the National Core Standards (NCS) during the 2016/2017 financial year in South Africa. The NCS define fundamentals for quality of care based on six ... more

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Code of Practice to minimize and contain Antimicrobial Resistance WHO and FAO

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO, World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO

This document provides additional guidance for the responsible and prudent use of antimicrobials in food-producing animals, and should be read in conjunction with the Recommended International Code of Practice for Control of the Use of Veterinary Drugs CAC/RCP 38-1993. Its obj... more

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Handling receiving discrepancies SOP

Ecumenical Pharmaceutical Network (EPN) (2011) C2

Last revised 2015. Original Word document on: http://www.epnetwork.org/Resources/Standard%20Operating%20Procedure/Handling%20receiving%20discrepancies_SOP.doc

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Medikamente sicher einnehmen (Arabic)

Ärztliches Zentrum für Qualität in der Medizin (ÄZQ) (2011) C1

Patienteninformation „Sichere Arzneimitteltherapie“ – Arabische Übersetzung. Broschüre auch erhältlich in: Deutsch, Englisch, Französisch, Russisch, Türkisch, Spanisch. Patient information "Safe Medical Therapy " - Arabic translation. Brochure also available in: German, English, French,... more

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Boas práticas de farmacovigilância para as Américas

Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde (2011) C_WHO

Para a elaboração deste documento, o Grupo de Farmacovigilância da Rede Pan-americana para a Harmonização Farmacêutica (PARF) baseou-se na perspectiva da OPAS/OMS, a qual considera a Farmacovigilância como componente essencial dos programas de saúde pública (3). Trabalhou-se com a intençã... more

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Buenas Prácticas de Farmacovigilancia para las Américas

Organización Panamericana de la Salud (2010) C_WHO

Para la elaboración de este documento, el grupo de farmacovigilancia de la Red Panamericana para la Armonización Farmacéutica (PARF) se basó en la perspectiva de la OPS/OMS, que considera que la farmacovigilancia es un componente esencial de los programas d... more

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Guidelines on management of blood and blood components as essential medicines

World Health Organization WHO (2017) C_WHO

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GUIDELINES FOR RECALL OF MEDICINES AND HEALTH PRODUCTS IN MALAWI

Pharmacy, Medicines & Poisons Board (PMPB), Malawi (2015) C2

PMPB/INS-GUIDE/02