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WHO African Region Health Expenditure Atlas 2023

WHO African Region (2024) CC

Over the past decade, countries in the African region experienced slow progress in mobilizing resources for health while facing continued challenges. In their revised estimates published in 2017, Stenberg et al., developed two costs scenarios, termed progress and ambitious, aimed at strengthening co... more

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Africa’s Health Financing in a New Era

Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) (2025) CC

Africa’s health sector is facing an unprecedented financing crisis, driven by a sharp decline of 70% in Official Development Assistance (ODA) from 2021 to 2025 and deep-rooted structural vulnerabilities. This collapse is placing immense pressure on Africa’s already fragile health systems as ODA ...is seen as the backbone of critical health programs: pandemic preparedness, maternal and child health services, disease control programs are all at risk, threatening Sustainable Development Goal 3 and Universal Health Coverage. Compounding this is Africa’s spiraling debt, with countries expected to service USD 81 billion by 2025—surpassing anticipated external financing inflows—further eroding fiscal space for health investments. Level of domestic resources is low. TThe Abuja Declaration of 2001, a pivotal commitment made by African Union (AU) member states, aimed to reverse this trend by pledging to allocate at least 15% of national budgets to the health sector. However, more than two decades later, only three countries—Rwanda, Botswana, and Cabo Verde—have consistently met or exceeded this target (WHO, 2023). In contrast, over 30 AU member states remain well below the 10% benchmark, with some allocating as little as 5–7% of their national budgets to health. In addition, only 16 (29%) of African countries currently have updated versions of National Health Development Plan (NHDP) supported by a National Health Financing Plan (NHFP). These two documents play a critical role in driving internal resource mobilisation. At the same time, public health emergencies are surging, rising 41%—from 152 in 2022 to 213 in 2024—exposing severe under-resourcing of health infrastructure and workforce. Recurring outbreaks (Mpox, Ebola, cholera, measles, Marburg…) alongside effects of climate change and humanitarian crises in Eastern DRC, the Sahel, and Sudan, are overwhelming systems stretched by chronic underfunding. The situation is worsened by Africa’s heavy dependency with over 90% of vaccines, medicines, and diagnostics being externally sourced—leaving countries vulnerable to global supply chain shocks. Health worker shortages persist, with only 2.3 professionals per 1,000 people (below the WHO’s recommended 4.45), and fewer than 30% of systems are digitized, undermining disease surveillance and early warning. Without decisive action, Africa CDC projects the continent could reverse two decades of health progress, face 2 to 4 million additional preventable deaths annually, and a heightened risk of a pandemic emerging from within. Furthermore, 39 million more Africans could be pushed into poverty by 2030 due to intertwined health and economic shocks. This is not just a sectoral crisis—it is an existential threat to Africa’s political, social, and economic resilience, and global stability. In response, African leaders, under Africa CDC’s stewardship, are advancing a comprehensive three-pillar strategy centered on domestic resource mobilization, innovative financing, and blended finance. more

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Health Financing Progress Matrix assessment, Kenya 2023: summary of findings and recommendations

Kenya Ministry of Health, World Health Organization (WHO) (2024) CC

This comprehensive HPFM report thoroughly explores Kenya’s health financing landscape. It provides an in-depth analysis of the current state of affairs and sheds light on required strategic changes in health financing. The report points out the need to improve public financial management within th... more

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Health Taxes: A Compelling Policy for the Crises of Today

The Task Force on Fiscal Policy for Health Report 2024 Bloomberg (2024) CC

For this report, the Task Force commissioned additional background papers on health taxes to update the evidence, assess short-term revenue potential, and understand the role of health taxes in the current era of multiple crises. We find that health taxes continue to be underutilized despite th... more

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Costing the basic package of health services at clinics and health centres in Liberia

Rebuilding Basic Health Services Project (RBHS) USAID (2009) C1

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Planning Checklist for WCO Readiness

World Health Organization WHO (2017) C_WHO

This guidance has been developed in line with the WHO corporate risk management framework, the WHO business continuity and contingency plans, as well as the Inter-Agency Emergency Response Preparedness Framework. It is based on a common organiza-tional approach and procedures for managing including ... more

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Analyse Rapide Genre: Tremblement de terre du 14 aout en Haïti

Care, ONUu Femmes et al. Care and ONU Femmes (2021) CC

C’est dans ce contexte particulièrement complexe qu’ONU Femmes et CARE, sous le leadership du Ministère à la Condition féminine et aux Droits des femmes (MCFDF) et en coordination avec la Direction Générale de la Protection Civile (DGPC), ont lancé l’Analyse Rapide Genre qui se veut une... more

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Professional Standards for Protection Work (Abridged Version)

International Committee of the Red Cross ICRC (2018) C1

This guidelines is aimed at humanitarian and human rights actors engaged in protection work, and is intended to act as an easy reference to the minimum standards to be met and the recommended guidelines to be followed in such work. The 45 standards and 15 guidelines are reproduced in full, together... more

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C1. Discapacidad intelectual

Xiaoyan Ke & Jing Liu IACAPAP (2015) CC

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Lignes directrices pour les essais en laboratoire et sur le terrain de molluscicides destinés à la lutte contre la schistosomiase

Organisation Mondiale de la Santé OMS (2020) C_WHO

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Plan de lutte contre la fievre ebola au Togo

MINISTERE DE LA SANTE REPUBLIQUE TOGOLAISE (2014)

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COVID-19: How to include marginalized and vulnerable people in risk communication and community engagement

Inter-Agency Standing Committee IASC; World Health Organization (WHO); UNICEF; et al. (2020) C1

Women, the elderly, adolescents, youth, and children, persons with disabilities, indigenous populations, refugees, migrants, and minorities experience the highest degree of socio-economic marginalization. Marginalized people become even more vulnerable in emergencies.1 This is due to factors su... more

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Manual para el Diagnóstico Bacteriológico de Tuberculosis

Sequeira, M.D.; Barrera l., Imaz M. S., et al. (2016) CC

Parte I - Baciloscopía

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Diagnostic Local Participatif sur les Personnes Handicapees ...

Handicap international (2012) C2

La présente étude a permis, non seulement de mieux connaître les différents acteurs de la ville de Cotonou sur la thématique du handicap, mais également de mettre en lumière les actions qu’ils mènent. La problématique du handicap est mal connue dans la ville de Cotonou : pas de statist... more

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Mineros

FG Consulting Group; D. Daniels; C. Smyth, et al. Stop TB Partnership; UNOPS; END TB (2016) C1

Informe sobre poplaciones clave.

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Lista de medicamentos essenciais para tratamento de pacientes admitidos nas unidades de terapia intensiva com suspeita ou diagnóstico confirmado da COVID-19 (LMEUTI-COVID-19)

Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), OPS (2022) C_WHO

Tercera versión, 1 de febrero del 2022. Estas orientaciones tienen por objetivo contribuir a que los sistemas de salud prioricen los medicamentos esenciales que deben estar disponibles y ser asequibles para manejar los pacientes en las unidades de cuidado intensivos durante las emergencias de salud... more

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COVID-19 y comunicacíon, una guía práctica para enfrentar la crisis

Ferraretto, L.A.; and F. Morgado Universidad de Federal de Rio Grande do Sul (2020) C1

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Philippines: Disaster Management Reference Handbook

Center for Excellence in Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance (2018) C1

The Philippine Government, International Non-government Organizations (INGOs) and local NGOs are all making attempts to address the impact of disasters and climate change at various levels. The Philippine Government has made significant strides in the implementation of disaster risk reduction (DRR) ... more

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Cameroon: The Perceptions, Problems, and Possibilities of Cameroonians with Mental Disabilities: A Case study of Le Centre National de Réhabilitation des Personnes Handicapées de Yaoundé

Lauren Miller SIT G aduate Ins tituteSIT Study Abroad (2012) CC

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Utilisation de la ventilation naturelle pour lutter contre les infections en milieu de soins

J. Atkinson, Y. Chartier, C.L.Pessoa-Silva, et.al Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (2009)