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The African Union´s challenges - Central Africa Republic

International Crisis Group International Crisis Group (2019)

4. Central African Republic Clashes throughout 2018 in the capital Bangui and a number of major towns illustrate the deadly threat posed by armed groups – a mix of pro-government militias, ex-rebels, bandits and local “self-defence” units – that control much of the countr... more

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Salud y economía: una convergencia necesaria para enfrentar la enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19) y retomar la senda hacia el desarrollo sostenible

Pan American Health Organisation PAHO (2020) C_WHO

América Latina y el Caribe se ha convertido en el epicentro de la pandemia de enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19) y encabeza las estadísticas mundiales de casos. La pandemia ha devenido en una inédita crisis económica y social y, si no se toman medidas urgentes, podría transformarse en una cr... more

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Guiding Principles for Children on the Move in the Context of Climate Change

UN Children's Fund UNICEF (2022) CC

The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the International Organization for Migration (IOM), Georgetown University, and the United Nations University have today launched new guidelines to provide the first-ever global policy framework that will help protect, include, and empower children on the ... more

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Africa’s Health Financing in a New Era

Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) (2025) CC

Africa’s health sector is facing an unprecedented financing crisis, driven by a sharp decline of 70% in Official Development Assistance (ODA) from 2021 to 2025 and deep-rooted structural vulnerabilities. This collapse is placing immense pressure on Africa’s already fragile health systems as ODA ...is seen as the backbone of critical health programs: pandemic preparedness, maternal and child health services, disease control programs are all at risk, threatening Sustainable Development Goal 3 and Universal Health Coverage. Compounding this is Africa’s spiraling debt, with countries expected to service USD 81 billion by 2025—surpassing anticipated external financing inflows—further eroding fiscal space for health investments. Level of domestic resources is low. TThe Abuja Declaration of 2001, a pivotal commitment made by African Union (AU) member states, aimed to reverse this trend by pledging to allocate at least 15% of national budgets to the health sector. However, more than two decades later, only three countries—Rwanda, Botswana, and Cabo Verde—have consistently met or exceeded this target (WHO, 2023). In contrast, over 30 AU member states remain well below the 10% benchmark, with some allocating as little as 5–7% of their national budgets to health. In addition, only 16 (29%) of African countries currently have updated versions of National Health Development Plan (NHDP) supported by a National Health Financing Plan (NHFP). These two documents play a critical role in driving internal resource mobilisation. At the same time, public health emergencies are surging, rising 41%—from 152 in 2022 to 213 in 2024—exposing severe under-resourcing of health infrastructure and workforce. Recurring outbreaks (Mpox, Ebola, cholera, measles, Marburg…) alongside effects of climate change and humanitarian crises in Eastern DRC, the Sahel, and Sudan, are overwhelming systems stretched by chronic underfunding. The situation is worsened by Africa’s heavy dependency with over 90% of vaccines, medicines, and diagnostics being externally sourced—leaving countries vulnerable to global supply chain shocks. Health worker shortages persist, with only 2.3 professionals per 1,000 people (below the WHO’s recommended 4.45), and fewer than 30% of systems are digitized, undermining disease surveillance and early warning. Without decisive action, Africa CDC projects the continent could reverse two decades of health progress, face 2 to 4 million additional preventable deaths annually, and a heightened risk of a pandemic emerging from within. Furthermore, 39 million more Africans could be pushed into poverty by 2030 due to intertwined health and economic shocks. This is not just a sectoral crisis—it is an existential threat to Africa’s political, social, and economic resilience, and global stability. In response, African leaders, under Africa CDC’s stewardship, are advancing a comprehensive three-pillar strategy centered on domestic resource mobilization, innovative financing, and blended finance. more

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The Sphere standards and the Coronavirus response

The Sphere (2021) C_Sphere

Updated 8 June 2021. The document has two sections: A. The first section covers fundamental principles which are crucial to a successful, holistic intervention. B. The second covers relevant standards and guidance in the handbook’s Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion (WASH) and Health... more

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PERSISTENCE OF THE CRISIS IN THE CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC: UNDERSTANDING IN ORDER TO ACT

M. BENINGA Paul-Crescent, Dr. MANGA ESSAMA Déflorine Grâce, Dr. MOGBA Zéphirin Jean Raymond FES (2018) CC

The Central African Republic has experienced repeated sociopolitical crises since the tragic death of its founder, Barthélémy Boganda, the year before the county’s independence. Today there is a general tendency by foreign observers and analysts who are not conversant with the history of t... more

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Refugees, Internally Displaced Persons, Migrants & COVID-19
recommended

Rupp, N.; K. Geffert und S. Mauder MEDBOX (2020) CC

MEDBOX Issue Brief No. 4

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The world's most neglected displacement crisis

Norwegian Refugee Council (2018) C1

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Venezuela: EU adopts conclusions and targeted sanctions

Council of the EU (2017) C1

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A Decade of Destruction: Attacks on Health Care in Syria

Sider, R. , Buswell, M. , Al Salman, M. et al. International Rescue Committee, et al. (2021) CC

March 2021. “A Decade of Destruction: Attacks on health care in Syria,” highlights with chilling detail how this 10-year war strategy has turned hospitals from safe havens into no-go zones where Syrian civilians now fear for their lives.

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Republic of Congo: Population Movement - Emergency Plan of Action (EPoA) MDRCG016

International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies IFRC (2019) C1

On Sunday 16th December 2018, some villages in the Province of Mai-Nambiar, Democratic Republic of Congo, neighboring the district of Makotimpoko in the Republic of Congo (CongoBrazzaville) were affected by inter-ethnic conflict between the Banunu and the Batende. The fighting has resulted in 400 fa... more

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Child Protection in Emergencies: Coordination Handbook

Global Protection Cluster (2016) CC

The Handbook is primarily addressed to child protection coordination teams, which may include coordinators, co-leads and information managers, the guidance is equally valid for all members of the child protection coordination group, including national and international nongovernmental organizations ... more

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Malteser International Safety and Security Guidelines (SSG)

Ingo Radtke Malteser International (2013)

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Strengthening Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in 2021

UN High Commissioner for Refugees UNHCR (2021) C1

According to WHO, around 22% of adults in conflict settings have mental health conditions. This is almost triple to non-conflict settings. There is no generally accepted estimate for children but it is clear that children who are refugees, IDPs or who live in conflict settings have high levels of m... more

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Pedoman Teknis Penanggulangan Krisis Kesehatan akibat Bencana

Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia (2007) C1

Guidance book for health workers who working in the handling of health crisis caused by natural disasters in Indonesia. This manual refers to international standards.

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Uganda: Population Movement - Emergency Appeal (Revised) n° MDRUG040

International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies (2018) C1

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IASC operational guidelines on human rights and natural disaster

Brookings-Bern Project on Internal Displacement (2008)

Operational Guidelines and Field Manual on Human Rights Protection in Situations of Natural Disaster

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Key considerations for monitoring shock-responsive social assistance: A guiding framework

SPACE - Social Protection Approaches to COVID-19: Expert Advice (2021) CC

June 2021. Shock-responsive social protection (SRSP) operates in contexts where rapid on-set disasters mean needs for assistance are acute and urgent. Monitoring and identifying problems in programme design and delivery are therefore critical. However, there is limited existing guidance on how to mo... more

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Logistics

R.S. Stephenson WHO; UNDP (1993)

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Turkey Syrian Refugee Resilience Plan 2020-2021
recommended

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2021) C1

Refugees, Internally Displaced Persons, Migrants & COVID-19 recommended

Turkey Syrian Refugee Resilience Plan 2020-2021 recommended

Refugees, Internally Displaced Persons, Migrants & COVID-19
recommended

Turkey Syrian Refugee Resilience Plan 2020-2021
recommended