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OCHA Policy Brief on Gendered Drivers, Risks and Impacts of Food Insecurity in the Sahel and the Horn of Africa

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (2023) CC

It is widely understood that the food insecurity crisis in the Sahel and the Horn of Africa is one of the world’s fastest growing and most neglected crises. It lacks sufficient global focus, resources and urgency. As in so many crises, women and girls are disproportionately affected and shoulder t...he consequences of protracted neglect, with unconscionable impacts on their safety, life chances and agency. Gaining a holistic view of the gendered drivers, risks and impacts of food insecurity in the Sahel and the Horn of Africa is difficult. This is due to a lack of data and prioritization, and the large geographical and socioeconomic terrain covered by both regions. However, what we do know about this crisis is more than enough to urgently address the needs of women and girls. An OCHA discussion paper on this topic (which will be published imminently, and from which this policy brief is drawn) found that there is: A strong risk of profound regression in gender equality gains made to date in the countries of concern, including on education, sexual and reproductive health, and the economic independence of women and girls (with knock-on effects on broader humanitarian and development outcomes). An increasing challenge to reverse what must be recognized as a protracted and growing gender-based violence (GBV) emergency in the Sahel and the Horn of Africa. The food insecurity crisis in the Sahel and the Horn of Africa is protracted, multidimensional and highly gendered, with spiralling impacts on gender equality and food security outcomes. It is driven by interwoven and overlapping factors, including climate change, political instability, conflict, socioeconomic conditions, migration and displacement and, more recently, COVID-19 and the war in Ukraine. Interlinked with these factors are gendered structural drivers of food insecurity, including deeply entrenched gender inequalities and harmful social norms. Gendered risks and impacts of food insecurity include alarming limitations on access to education, sexual and reproductive health rights, women’s agency and participation, and dramatic increases in different existing forms of GBV and the emergence of new ones. Recognition of such gendered dimensions of food insecurity and of the need for a multisectoral approach in the response is key to addressing the crisis, along-side sustained commitment and adequate allocation of resources. This policy brief draws out key findings from the OCHA discussion paper on this topic, which includes a desk review of studies, assessments and reports, and interviews with local women’s organizations on the front lines of the food insecurity crisis in communities across both regions. Below are the most pressing gendered drivers, risks and impacts of food insecurity (not in order of priority), as well as key gaps in the current humanitarian response to food insecurity, and recommendations to take forward. more

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Emergency Response Preparedness Plan (ERPP) MYANMAR. Version 1.0

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) (2014) C1

Myanmar is prone to various natural hazards that include earthquakes, floods, cyclones, droughts, fires, tsunamis, some of whichhave the potential to impact large numbers of people. In the event that large numbers of people are affected (such as was the case in 2008 following cyclone Nargis), the go... more

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Inter Agency Emergency Response Preparedness Plan (ERPP) MYANMAR. Updated June 2015

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) (2015) C1

Myanmar is prone to various natural hazards that include earthquakes, floods, cyclones, droughts, fires, tsunamis, some of whichhave the potential to impact large numbers of people. In the event that large numbers of people are affected(such as was the case in 2008 following cyclone Nargis), the gov... more

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Bulletin humanitaire République centrafricaine: Numéro 44 Mai 2019

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) (2019) CC

Entre le 19 et le 21 mai 2019, 34 personnes ont perdu la vie dans des attaques simultanées attribuées au 3R (Retour, Réclamation et Réhabilitation) et perpétrées dans les villages de Koundjili et Lemouna, (situés respectivement à 42 et 52 km à l’Ouest de Paoua) mais aussi à Bohong et ... more

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National Guideline For Emergency Nutrition Intervention (May 2022)

Government of Ethiopia (2022) CC

Humanitarian crises exacerbate nutritional risks and often lead to an increase in acute malnutrition. Emergencies include both manmade (conflict) and natural disasters (floods, drought, cyclones, typhoons, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, etc.). Complex emergencies are combinations of both manmade a... more

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Syria Regional Crisis Emergency Appeal 2021

UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (2021) C1

2 March 2021 Protracted displacement, socio-economic crises aggravated by the COVID-19 pandemic, dire humanitarian needs and protection threats continue to affect the Palestine refugees in Syria, Lebanon and Jordan. In Syria, the protracted conflict has left 91 per cent of the 438,000 Palestine re... more

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Help Age Training Portal. Knowledge & Resource Hub Jordan

Help Age International (2019) C1

HelpAge has been raising awareness among humanitarian actors and government institutions about the vulnerabilities of older men and women during humanitarian crises in the region since 2009. This digital learning platform was established for the purpose of remote humanitarian response for hard to r... more

Ukraine Overview

Amnesty International (2022) CC

Russia began an all-out invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, carrying out extensive military operations marked by war crimes and other violations of international humanitarian law. Using indiscriminate weapons such as cluster munitions in populated areas, including in cities such as Kharkiv and ... more

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Health Cluster Guide

World Health Organization, IASC (2020) CC

A practical handbook. This Health Cluster Guide (2nd edition, 2020) provides practical advice on how WHO, Health Cluster Coordinators and partners can work together during a humanitarian crisis to achieve the aims of reducing avoidable mortality, morbidity and disability, and restoring the delivery ... more

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Adolescent Girls in Crisis: Voices of the Rohingya

Plan International (2018) C1

Commissioned by Plan International the report draws on data from research conducted in Bangladesh in April 2018. It explores how adolescent girls within two age brackets (10-14 and 15-19) understand the unique impact the crisis has upon them, and how they have responded to the challenges they face.<... more

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Manual for running a mobile clinic: Adapted for the North-West & South-West regions of Cameroon

Health Cluster, Nutrition Cluster, OCHA (2021) CC

In emergency or humanitarian settings, mobile clinics are used to bring essential lifesaving health care to communities affected by crises. Though there are standard emergency benefit packages for health services during emergencies, there are however no agreed or standard way of running mobile clini... more

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The Livestock Emergency Guidelines and Standards (LEGS)

LEGS (2009)

a set of international guidelines and standards for the design, implementation and assessment of livestock interventions to assist people affected by humanitarian crises.

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North-east Nigeria: Case study

Edwards, Jon Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) (2017)

This case study examines the humanitarian response to the conflict-related crisis in the North-East of Nigeria, focusing primarily on the period from 2015 to the end of 2016. The aim is test the central hypotheses of the Emergency Gap project: that the current structure, conceptual underpinning and... more

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Reliefweb

OCHA (2015) CC

This website provide reliable disaster and crisis updates and analysis to humanitarians, so they can make informed decisions and plan effective assistance. ReliefWeb has been the leading source for reliable and timely humanitarian information on global crises and disasters since 1996

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COVID-19 and the Rights of Older People in Developing Countries, December 2020

Dorcas Aid International (2020) CC

The COVID-19 pandemic and in fact all crises – acute or prolonged – remind us that human rights need to be central in all recovery and development efforts. The Sustainable Development Goals will only be achieved if we are able to create equal opportunities for all, address failures exposed and e... more

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Guidance Note for GBV Case Managers in Gaza: Understanding and Responding to the Link between Food Scarcity and Gender-Based Violence

Gender Based Violence Area of Responsibility GBV AoR; United Nations Population Fund UNFPA (2025) CC

The Gaza Strip is experiencing one of the most severe food security crises globally, with the entire population of approximately 2.1 million people now facing crisis-level food insecurity or worse (IPC Phase 3+). As of May 2025, more than one in five Gazans—about 470,000 people—are at risk of s... more

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The Democratic Republic of the Congo Refugee Response Plan January-December 2021

UN High Commissioner for Refugees UNHCR (2021) CC

The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is one of the most complex and long-standing humanitarian crises in Africa. By the end of 2020, some 940,421 Congolese refugees and asylum seekers were hosted across the African continent. Ongoing conflicts in eastern DRC, as well as intercommunal violence,... more

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Reflection on inclusive health services in northwest Syria (NWS)

Islamic Relief (2022) CC

After a decade of crisis, Syria remains one of the world’s most complex humanitarian crises. Continued hostilities, new and protracted displacement, increased returns and the sustained destruction of communities have impacted Syrians’ lives and futures in a devastating way. The 2021 Humanitarian... more

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Conflict Sensitivity & Public Health Emergencies: Practical Programming Adaptation During COVID-19 and Beyond

CDA Collaborative Learning Projects (2020) C1

Conflict, in its active or latent forms, is everywhere. The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated that public health emergencies can strike any country at any time. Given the universality of and interconnections between conflict, humanitarian crises, and public health emergencies, practitioners trained... more

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WHO South Sudan Annual Report 2022

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

A lot has happened this year. While we continued to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic, we were hit by disease outbreaks and humanitarian crises. Yet, despite these challenges, we marched on, resolute in resolving critical health systems issues to increase access to quality healthcare services. To furth... more