the aid library

Antimicrobial Use and Resistance in Nigeria

Federal Ministries of Agriculture, Environment and Health (2017) C2

SITUATION ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) Country Report Sierra Leone

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2023) CC

The Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) project has conducted a multi-year, multi-country study that provides stark insights on the under-reported depth of the ... more

Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) Country Report Gabon

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2023) CC

Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) Country Report Eswatini

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2023) CC

Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) Country Report Burkina Faso

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2023) CC

Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) Country Report Zimbabwe

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2023) CC

Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) Country Report Uganda

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2023) CC

Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) Country Report Cameroon

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2023) CC

Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) Country Report Senegal

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2023) CC

Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) Country Report Nigeria

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2023) CC

Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) Country Report Malawi

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2023) CC

Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) Country Report Kenya

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2023) CC

Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) Country Report Ghana

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2023) CC

Leveraging Vaccines to Reduce Antibiotic Use and Prevent Antimicrobial Resistance

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO

An Action Framework and annexe to Immunization Agenda 2030 (Draft version) 27 January 2021

Strengthening the collection, analysis and use of health workforce data and information: a handbook

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

Access to health workers who are fit for purpose, motivated and protected is a fundamental force of health service delivery and the achievement of universal health coverage ... more

WHO guideline on the use of safety-engineered syringes for intramuscular, intradermal and subcutaneous injections in health-care settings
recommended

World Health Organization (2016) C_WHO

Recommendations for Inactivated Rabies Vaccine for Human Use Produced in Cell Substrates and Embryonated Eggs

WHO WHO (2005)

Government policy interventions to reduce human antimicrobial use: A systematic review and evidence map

Van Katwyk, S. R.; Grimshaw, J. M.; et al (2019) C2

BACKGROUND: Growing political attention to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) offers a rare opportunity for achieving meaningful action. Many governments have developed national AMR action plans, but most have not yet implemented policy interventions to reduce antimicrobial overuse. A systematic evidenc ... e map can support governments in making evidence-informed decisions about implementing programs to reduce AMR, by identifying, describing, and assessing the full range of evaluated government policy options to reduce antimicrobial use in humans. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Seven databases were searched from inception to January 28, 2019, (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PAIS Index, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and PubMed). We identified studies that (1) clearly described a government policy intervention aimed at reducing human antimicrobial use, and (2) applied a quantitative design to measure the impact. We found 69 unique evaluations of government policy interventions carried out across 4 of the 6 WHO regions. These evaluations included randomized controlled trials (n = 4), non-randomized controlled trials (n = 3), controlled before-and-after designs (n = 7), interrupted time series designs (n = 25), uncontrolled before-and-after designs (n = 18), descriptive designs (n = 10), and cohort designs (n = 2). From these we identified 17 unique policy options for governments to reduce the human use of antimicrobials. Many studies evaluated public awareness campaigns (n = 17) and antimicrobial guidelines (n = 13); however, others offered different policy options such as professional regulation, restricted reimbursement, pay for performance, and prescription requirements. Identifying these policies can inform the development of future policies and evaluations in different contexts and health systems. Limitations of our study include the possible omission of unpublished initiatives, and that policies not evaluated with respect to antimicrobial use have not been captured in this review. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge this is the first study to provide policy makers with synthesized evidence on specific government policy interventions addressing AMR. In the future, governments should ensure that AMR policy interventions are evaluated using rigorous study designs and that study results are published. more