English Analysis on World about Agriculture, Climate Change and Environment, Epidemic and more; published on 15 Dec 2021 by FAO and UNICEF
                                                            
                         
                     
                                                        
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                                                Since  the  introduction  of  penicillin  in  the  early  twentieth  century,  antimicrobial  treatments  have  been utilized not only in human medicine but also in veterinary care – initially to ward off diseases, prevent post-surgery infections, and treat sick farm animals.Global food production... has intensified over the past 50 years due to economic expansion and popu-lation growth. The use of antimicrobials in agriculture – in livestock, fish farming, and even on crops – has grown as well. Antimicrobials are not only used as medicines, but are sometimes also added in low concentrations to animal feed as a way of stimulating growth.
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                                                                Food security, human health and wellbeing largely depend on biodiversity. Biodiversity supports agriculture through ecosystem services such as pollination and water purification, and provides access to natural medicines,
which are the primary source of health care for 4 billion people worldwide
                                                            
                         
                     
                                                        
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                                                The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) launched a new Framework for Environmental and Social Management (FESM) to ensure that both people and the environment are protected from any potential impacts of FAO programmes and projects.
“This Framework ensures that our proj...ects do both “no harm” and support the transformation to more efficient, more inclusive, more resilient and more sustainable agrifood systems by upholding the highest international standards for risk management,” FAO Director-General QU Dongyu explained during a virtual event.
The Framework, which includes key elements of a people-centered approach and establishes environmental and social performance requirements for FAO programming, is also intended to ensure that all stakeholders, including local and indigenous communities, have ample opportunities to actively participate in projects’ activities and to voice their concerns about them.
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                                                                A regional guide for governments in Asia and the Pacific to review, update and develop policies to address antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial use in animal production
                                                            
                         
                     
                                                        
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                                                The One Health (OH) High-Level Expert Panel (OHHLEP) of the Quadripartite Organizations defined OH as an integrated, unifying approach that aims to sustainably balance and optimize the health of people, animals and ecosystems.”
It recognizes the health of humans, domestic and wild animals, plan...ts, and the wider environment (including ecosystems) are closely linked and interdependent [1]. The Tripartite which comprised the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) later became the Quadripartite organizations when the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) joined the OH alliance in 2022. There are Global and Regional Quadripartite Secretariats consisting of officials of headquarters and regional offices, respectively.
Over the years, the Tripartite/Quadripartite organizations and other partner agencies have developed several OH assessment and operational tools to support Member States in assessing their core capacities to achieve compliance with the requirements of international standards such as the International Health Regulations 2005 (IHR), WOAH’s Terrestrial and Aquatic Animal Health Codes, World Trade Organization’s Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (WTO-SPS), FAO/WHO Codex standards, etc. Technical areas that the existing tools currently support include progress monitoring, coordination and collaboration mechanisms, and capacity building for prevention, detection, preparedness, and response to health threats emerging at human-animal-environment interface. More OH B operational tools are in the pipeline.
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                                                                The Global Health Security Agenda programme develops national capacity to prevent zoonotic and non-zoonotic diseases while quickly and effectively detecting and controlling diseases when they do emerge. The Emerging Pandemic Threats programme improves national capacity to pre-empt the emergence and ...re-emergence of infectious zoonotic disease and to prevent the next pandemic.
Action against emerging pandemic threats is taken through projects on: Avian influenza, Middle East respiratory syndrome, Africa Sustainable Livestock 2050 and Emergency equipment stockpile. With high-impact diseases that jump from animals to humans on the rise, these programmes are reducing the risk to lives and livelihoods from national, regional and global disease spread.
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                                                                Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) both in human and veterinary medicine has reached alarming levels in
most parts of the world and has now been recognized as a significant emerging threat to global public
health and food security. In June 2015, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nati...ons
(FAO) passed a resolution on AMR at its governing
Conference. This followed the adoption of counterpart
resolutions on AMR by The World Organisation
for Animal Health (OIE) and the World Health Organization
(WHO) in May 20152, and marked the
beginning of a joint effort by the three organizations
to combat AMR globally.
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                                                                Projects from around the world
                                                            
                         
                     
                                                        
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                                                Infographic: Preventing and controlling neglected parasitic zoonoses: a key role for the animal health sector
                                                            
                         
                     
                                                        
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                                                Educational materials (slide presentations) from FAO covering important biosecurity aspects in poultry farms
                                                            
                         
                     
                                                        
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                                                The Climate-Smart Agriculture Sourcebook draws together a wide range of knowledge and expertise on the concept of Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) to better guide policy makers, programme managers, sectoral experts, academics, extensionists, as well as practitioners to make the agricultural sectors (...crops, livestock, fisheries and forestry) more sustainable and productive, while responding to the challenges of climate change and food security. 
This new fully revised digital platform edition of the CSA Sourcebook reflects new scientific insights as well as valuable CSA implementation experience obtained since the publication of the first edition. Five new modules were added:  Climate change adaptation and mitigation, Integrated production systems, Supporting rural producers with knowledge of Climate-Smart Agriculture, The role of Gender in Climate-Smart Agriculture, and The theory of change for the CSA approach: a guide to evidence-based implementation at the country level.
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                                                                This plan guides FAO’s response to prevent the levels of food insecurity and malnutrition from worsening. It sets out key emergency agricultural livelihood interventions to be implemented within the framework of the 2018 Yemen Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP)
                                                            
                         
                     
                                                        
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                                                This  document provides  additional  guidance  for  the  responsible  and  prudent  use  of  antimicrobials  in  food-producing animals, and should be read in conjunction with the Recommended International Code of Practice for  Control  of  the  Use  of  Veterinary  Drugs  CAC/RCP  38-1993. Its  obj...ectives  are  to  minimize  the  potential adverse impact on public health resulting from the use of antimicrobial agents in food-producing animals, in particular  the  development  of  antimicrobial  resistance.  It  is  also  important  to  provide  for  the  safe  and effective  use  of  veterinary  antimicrobial  drugs  in  veterinary  medicine  by  maintaining  their  efficacy.  This document  defines  the  respective  responsibilities  of  authorities  and  groups  involved  in  the  authorization, production,  control,  distribution  and  use  of  veterinary  antimicrobials  such  as  the  national  regulatory authorities,  the   veterinary  pharmaceutical   industry,  veterinarians,   distributors  and  producers  of  food-producing animals.
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                                                                Non-Wood Forest Products 11
Traditional medicine and its use of medicinal plants is dependent on reliable supply of plant materials. The book focuses on the interface between medicinal plant use and conservation of medicinal plants.
                                                            
                         
                     
                                                        
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                                                The One Health definition developed by the OHHLEP
                                                            
                         
                     
                                                        
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                                                A role for nuclear techniques
Antimicrobials play a critical role in the treatment of human and animal (aquatic and terrestrial) diseases, which has led to their widespread application and use. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the ability of microorganisms to stop an antibiotic, such as an antimic...robial, antiviral or antimalarial, from working against them. Globally, about 700 000 deaths per year arise from resistant infections as a result of the fact that antimicrobial drugs have become less effective at killing resistant pathogens. Antimicrobial chemicals that are present in environmental compartments can trigger the development of AMR. These chemicals can also cause antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) to further spread antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) because they may have an evolutionary advantage over non-resistant bacteria.
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                                                                Unlike foot and mouth disease, the avian flu, e-coli or listeria, the COVID-19 pandemic has not spread directly through livestock or agriculture commodities, and has therefore not directly disrupted on-farm production. However, the crisis is undermining the ability of farms and agri-enterprises to e...nsure consistent supplies of food to markets due to enforced closures, labour shortages resulting from illness, and slowdowns in operations caused by physical distancing and lockdowns.
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