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Infrastructure, policy and regulatory interventions to increase physical activity to prevent cardiovascular diseases and diabetes: a systematic review

Durão, S.; Burns, J.; Schmidt, B. et al. BMC Public Health (2023) CC

Background Noncommunicable diseases are major contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Modifying the risk factors for these conditions, such as physical inactivity, is thus essential. Addressing the context or circumstances in which physical activity occurs may promote physical activity a...t a population level. We assessed the effects of infrastructure, policy or regulatory interventions for increasing physical activity. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase and clinicaltrials.gov to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs), controlled before-after (CBAs) studies, and interrupted time series (ITS) studies assessing population-level infrastructure or policy and regulatory interventions to increase physical activity. We were interested in the effects of these interventions on physical activity, body weight and related measures, blood pressure, and CVD and type 2 diabetes morbidity and mortality, and on other secondary outcomes. Screening and data extraction was done in duplicate, with risk of bias was using an adapted Cochrane risk of bias tool. Due to high levels of heterogeneity, we synthesised the evidence based on effect direction. Results We included 33 studies, mostly conducted in high-income countries. Of these, 13 assessed infrastructure changes to green or other spaces to promote physical activity and 18 infrastructure changes to promote active transport. The effects of identified interventions on physical activity, body weight and blood pressure varied across studies (very low certainty evidence); thus, we remain very uncertain about the effects of these interventions. Two studies assessed the effects of policy and regulatory interventions; one provided free access to physical activity facilities and showed that it may have beneficial effects on physical activity (low certainty evidence). The other provided free bus travel for youth, with intervention effects varying across studies (very low certainty evidence). Conclusions Evidence from 33 studies assessing infrastructure, policy and regulatory interventions for increasing physical activity showed varying results. The certainty of the evidence was mostly very low, due to study designs included and inconsistent findings between studies. Despite this drawback, the evidence indicates that providing access to physical activity facilities may be beneficial; however this finding is based on only one study. Implementation of these interventions requires full consideration of contextual factors, especially in low resource settings. more

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Measuring violence against women with disability: Data availability, methodological issues, and recommendations for good practice

UN Women (2024) CC

Developed as part of the UN Women–WHO Global Joint Programme on Violence Against Women Data, this briefing note focuses on the measurement of violence against women with disability and is one in a series of methodological briefing notes for strengthening the measurement and data collection of viol... more

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A New Agenda for Mental Health in the Americas: Report of the Pan American Health Organization High-Level Commission on Mental Health and COVID-19

Pan American Health Organisation PAHO (2024) C_WHO

Unmet mental health needs in the Region of the Americas are a leading source of morbidity and mortality, which result in tremendous health, social, and economic consequences. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the mental health crisis in the Region, necessitating urgent action at the highest leve... more

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Malacological survey to identify transmission sites for intestinal schistosomiasis on Ijinga Island, Mwanza, north-western Tanzania

Fuss, A.; H. D. Mazigo and A. Mueller (2020) CC

Acta Trop. 2020 Mar:203:105289. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105289 The role of malacological surveys to identify potential transmission sites for schistosomiasis control in this era of mass drug administration have received little attention. In that context, the present study was conducted to ... more

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Strengthening rehabilitation in health emergency preparedness, readiness, response and resilience: policy brief

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

Strengthening rehabilitation in health emergency preparedness, response, and resilience: policy brief outlines the evidence for rehabilitation in emergencies and the need for greater preparedness of rehabilitation services. It shows how existing guidelines support the integration of rehabilitation i... more

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People Living with HIV Stigma Index - Asia Pacific Regional Analysis 2011

GNP (Global Network of people living HIV); UNAIDS; IPPF; ICW Global (2011) C2

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Protocol to investigate non-seasonal influenza and other emerging acute respiratory diseases

World Health Organization WHO (2018) C_WHO

This protocol provides an approach for public health authorities and investigators at all levels to plan for and conduct investigations of nonseasonal influenza and other emerging respiratory diseases and provides tips and reminders for linking the information from the investigation with risk assess... more

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Community-based rehabilitation: CBR guidelines - Health component
recommended

Kamala Achu, Kathy Al Jubah, Svein Brodtkorb, et al. WHO (2010) C_WHO

Available in: English, French, Chinese, Spanish, Russian, Arabic, Thai, Korean, Tajik, Vietnamese, Uzbek http://www.who.int/disabilities/cbr/guidelines/en/

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Child Health Services in Kenya

Annah Wamae, George Kichamu, Francis Kundu, Irene Muhunzu Kenya Working Papers (2009) C1

Based on further analysis of the 2004 Kenya Service Provision Assessment Survey

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Building health system resilience to public health challenges: guidance for implementation in countries

World Health Organization WHO (2024) C_WHO

Health system resilience is not an inevitable byproduct of any investment in health but must be intentionally programmed and developed with necessary input, investment and contextualization. This technical product aims to guide national, subnational, and global health actors to operationalize the co... more

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WHO guideline for screening and treatment of cervical pre-cancer lesions for cervical cancer prevention
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO

2nd edition, July 2021. This WHO and HRP guideline is designed to help countries make faster progress, more equitably, on the screening and treatment of cervical cancer. It includes some important shifts in WHO’s recommended approaches to cervical screening, and includes a total of 23 recommendati... more

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Technical guide on community-based rehabilitation and leprosy
recommended

WHOILEP (2007) C_WHO

Meeting the rehabilitation needs of people affected by leprosy and promoting quality of life.

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Alleviating the Burden of Responsibility: Men as Providers of Community-Based HIV/AIDS Care and Support in Lesotho

Newman C Capacity Project (2009) C2

Capacity Project Gender Research Brief | In Lesotho, as in many other countries, the HIV and AIDS care burden falls on the shoulders of women and girls in unpaid, invisible household and community work. This gender inequity in HRH needs to be addressed to ensure fair and sustainable responses to the... more

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Guidance on the use of mpox vaccines. Revised edition

Pan American Health Organisation PAHO (2024) C_WHO

Smallpox eradication was certified in 1980. Mpox has been endemic in Central and West African countries since it was first detected in 1958 . It is a zoonosis; cases are often found close to tropical rainforests where various animals carry the orthopoxvirus that causes the disease. In endemic countr... more

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Risk communication and community engagement: a compendium of case studies in times of COVID-19

World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office of Europe (2022) C_WHO

This collection of case studies on risk communication and community engagement (‎RCCE)‎ from 18 different country/area level public health partners in the WHO European Region provides evidence of numerous results achieved and lessons learned since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. RCCE has not... more

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School underachievement and specific learning difficulties

S. Nag; M. Snowling IACAPAP (2012) C2

Developmental disorders Chapter C.3

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J7. La Convencíon sobre los Derechos del Nino de las naciones unidas Implicaciones para la Práctica clínica, política e investigación

Myron L Belfer, Suzan Song IACAPAP (2015) C1

La Convención de los Derechos del Niño (Convención) de las Naciones Unidas (ONU) y documentos relacionados tienen el potencial de mejorar enormemente varias dimensiones de la vida de los niños (definidos como desde el nacimiento hasta la los 18 años, dependiendo de la cultura), ofreciendo p... more

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Disability Inclusive Development Toolkit
recommended

Al Ju’beh K Christoffel Blinden Mission (CBM) (2015) CC

This toolkit is designed as a resource for CBM that can be used in a variety of ways: to support staff induction, team meetings, refresher days and training workshops. It can also be used as a tool for personal reflection and self-study. Tips for those intending to use it as a training resource are ... more

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Mental health, disability and human rights: WHO QualityRights core training - for all services and all people: course guide

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO

Les modules de formation et d’orientation QualityRights ont été élaborés pour renforcer les connaissances, les compétences et la compréhension des principales parties prenantes sur la manière de promouvoir les droits des personnes en situation de handicap psychosocial, intellectuel ou cogni... more

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Utiliser les standards Sphère en milieu urbain

Ben Mountfield Le Projet Sphère (2016)

Community-based rehabilitation: CBR guidelines - Health component recommended

WHO guideline for screening and treatment of cervical pre-cancer lesions for cervical cancer prevention recommended

Technical guide on community-based rehabilitation and leprosy recommended

Disability Inclusive Development Toolkit recommended

Community-based rehabilitation: CBR guidelines - Health component
recommended

WHO guideline for screening and treatment of cervical pre-cancer lesions for cervical cancer prevention
recommended

Technical guide on community-based rehabilitation and leprosy
recommended

Disability Inclusive Development Toolkit
recommended