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Therapeutics and COVID-19 (Living Guideline, 10 November 2023)

World Health Organization WHO (2023) C_WHO

WHO has updated its guidelines for COVID-19 therapeutics, with revised recommendations for patients with non-severe COVID-19. This is the 13th update to these guidelines. Updated risk rates for hospital admission in patients with non-severe COVID-19 The guidance includes updated risk rates for ... hospital admission in patients with non-severe COVID-19. The current COVID-19 virus variants tend to cause less severe disease while immunity levels are higher due to vaccination, leading to lower risks of severe illness and death for most patients. This update includes new baseline risk estimates for hospital admission in patients with non-severe COVID-19. The new ‘moderate risk’ category now includes people previously considered to be high risk including older people and/or those with chronic conditions, disabilities, and comorbidities of chronic disease. The updated risk estimates will assist healthcare professionals to identify individuals at high, moderate or low risk of hospital admission, and to tailor treatment according to WHO guidelines: **High: **People who are immunosuppressed remain at higher risk if they contract COVID-19, with an estimated hospitalization rate of 6%. **Moderate: **People over 65 years old, those with conditions like obesity, diabetes and/or chronic conditions including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, kidney or liver disease, cancer, people with disabilities and those with comorbidities of chronic disease are at moderate risk, with an estimated hospitalization rate of 3%. Low: Those who are not in the high or moderate risk categories are at low risk of hospitalization (0.5%). Most people are low risk. Review of COVID-19 treatments for people with non-severe COVID-19 WHO continues to strongly recommend nirmatrelvir-ritonavir (also known by its brand name ‘Paxlovid’) for people at high-risk and moderate risk of hospitalization. The recommendations state that nirmatrelvir-ritonavir is considered the best choice for most eligible patients, given its therapeutic benefits, ease of administration and fewer concerns about potential harms. Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir was first recommended by WHO in April 2022. If nirmatrelvir-ritonavir is not available to patients at high-risk of hospitalization, WHO suggests the use of molnupiravir or remdesivir instead. WHO suggests against the use of molnupiravir and remdesivir for patients at moderate risk, judging the potential harms to outweigh the limited benefits in patients at moderate risk of hospital admission. For people at low risk of hospitalization, WHO does not recommend any antiviral therapy. Symptoms like fever and pain can continue to be managed with analgesics like paracetamol. WHO also recommends against use of a new antiviral (VV116) for patients, except in clinical trials. The update also includes a strong recommendation against the use of ivermectin for patients with non-severe COVID-19. WHO continues to advise that in patients with severe or critical COVID-19, ivermectin should only be used in clinical trials. more

Guidelines for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B and C Viral Infections in Kenya
recommended

Prof. G. N. Lule, Dr. B. Nyawira Gastroenterology Society of Kenya , Republic of Keny (2015) C1

Provisional CDC Guidelines for the Use and Safety Monitoring of Bedaquiline Fumarate (Sirturo) for the Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2013) C_CDC

MMWR: Recommendations and Reports / Vol. 62 / No. 9 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report October 25, 2013

Factsheet for experts - Antimicrobial resistance

European Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ECDC (2019) CC

Nosocomial infections and antimicrobial resistance are two special health issues listed in Annex 1 of Commission Decision 2000/96/EC of 22 December 1999 on the communicable diseases to be progressively covered by the Community network under Decision No 2119/98/EC of the European Parliament and of th ... more

Management of Tuberculosis: A Guide to the Essentials of Good Clinical Practice
recommended

International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (2019) C1

The 7th edition of the Orange Guide provides practical guidance to health workers on the front line of TB control. It includes sections on HIV, MDR-TB and a review of the recommended treatment regimens

Packages of Care for Dementia in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Prince; M.J.; D. Acosta; E. Castro-Costa, et al. PLOS Medicine (2009) CC

November 3, 2009https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000176 PLoS Med 6(11): e1000176. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000176

The treatment of epilepsy in developing countries: where do we go from here?

Robert A. Scott, Samden D. Lhatoo & Josemir W.A.S. Sander WHO (2001) C_WHO

Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2001, 79 (4)

PEDIATRIC KIT including SAM/MC Children - WHO PED/SAM 2020
recommended

World Health Organization (WHO) (2020) C_WHO

For 50 SAM children with medical complications and for a paediatric ward of 10-15 beds for 3 months The PED/SAM kit is especially designed to provide medicines, renewables and equipment suitable for children and to treat the common childhood illness including severe acute malnutrition with medica ... more

Handbook of Hospital Care for Newborn Infants
recommended

Maternal & Childhealth Advocacy International MCAI (2021) C1

Updated June 2021

District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries Part 1
recommended

Cheesbrough, Monica (2009) C4

2nd edition

Epilepsy - WHO factsheet

World Health Organization (2019) C_WHO

7 February 2019

Falling short

International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease; Treatment Action Group; msh; ec al. (2017)

Ensuring Access to Simple, Safe and Effective First-Line Medicines for Tuberculosis. Accessed in November 2017.

Long-acting injectable vs oral antipsychotics for relapse prevention in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of randomized trials

Kishimoto T., Robenzadeh A, Leucht C, et al. (2014) CC

Schizophr Bull. 2014 Jan;40(1):192-213. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbs150. Epub 2012 Dec 17.

Malawi Guidelines for Infection Prevention and Control for TB

Ministry of Health, Malawi (2008) C1

From Research to Action: Advancing Prevention and Response to Violence against Children: Report on the Global Violence against Children Meeting

UNICF (2014)

Growing evidence indicates that large proportions of children around the world experience physical, sexual and emotional violence every year, with enormous implications for human rights, public health and economic and social development.1 Over the last five years, national governments and Together f ... more

Guidelines for the Management of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis in Kenya

Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, Kenya (2010) CC

Nigeria: National Manual on Peer-to-Peer Youth Health Education

Federal Ministry of Health, Nigeria (2013) C1