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OCHA Policy Brief on Gendered Drivers, Risks and Impacts of Food Insecurity in the Sahel and the Horn of Africa

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (2023) CC

It is widely understood that the food insecurity crisis in the Sahel and the Horn of Africa is one of the world’s fastest growing and most neglected crises. It lacks sufficient global focus, resources and urgency. As in so many crises, women and girls are disproportionately affected and shoulder t...he consequences of protracted neglect, with unconscionable impacts on their safety, life chances and agency. Gaining a holistic view of the gendered drivers, risks and impacts of food insecurity in the Sahel and the Horn of Africa is difficult. This is due to a lack of data and prioritization, and the large geographical and socioeconomic terrain covered by both regions. However, what we do know about this crisis is more than enough to urgently address the needs of women and girls. An OCHA discussion paper on this topic (which will be published imminently, and from which this policy brief is drawn) found that there is: A strong risk of profound regression in gender equality gains made to date in the countries of concern, including on education, sexual and reproductive health, and the economic independence of women and girls (with knock-on effects on broader humanitarian and development outcomes). An increasing challenge to reverse what must be recognized as a protracted and growing gender-based violence (GBV) emergency in the Sahel and the Horn of Africa. The food insecurity crisis in the Sahel and the Horn of Africa is protracted, multidimensional and highly gendered, with spiralling impacts on gender equality and food security outcomes. It is driven by interwoven and overlapping factors, including climate change, political instability, conflict, socioeconomic conditions, migration and displacement and, more recently, COVID-19 and the war in Ukraine. Interlinked with these factors are gendered structural drivers of food insecurity, including deeply entrenched gender inequalities and harmful social norms. Gendered risks and impacts of food insecurity include alarming limitations on access to education, sexual and reproductive health rights, women’s agency and participation, and dramatic increases in different existing forms of GBV and the emergence of new ones. Recognition of such gendered dimensions of food insecurity and of the need for a multisectoral approach in the response is key to addressing the crisis, along-side sustained commitment and adequate allocation of resources. This policy brief draws out key findings from the OCHA discussion paper on this topic, which includes a desk review of studies, assessments and reports, and interviews with local women’s organizations on the front lines of the food insecurity crisis in communities across both regions. Below are the most pressing gendered drivers, risks and impacts of food insecurity (not in order of priority), as well as key gaps in the current humanitarian response to food insecurity, and recommendations to take forward. more

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Prevalence, severity and risk factors for asthma in school-going adolescents in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa

Mphahlele, R.; Lesosky, M.; Masekela, R. BMJ Open Respiratory Research (2023) CC

Background Asthma remains highly prevalent, with more severe symptoms in low-income to middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with high-income countries. Identifying risk factors for severe asthma symptoms can assist with improving outcomes. We aimed to determine the prevalence, severity and ris... more

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HEARTS. Technical package for cardiovascular disease management in primary health care. Evidence-based treatment protocols

World Health Organization WHO, et al. (2018) C_WHO

In many low- and middle-income countries, there is a wide gap between evidencebased recommendations and current practice. Treatment of major CVD risk factors remains suboptimal, and only a minority of patients who are treated reach their target levels for blood pressure, blood sugar and blood choles... more

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Combating false information on vaccines: A guide for EPI managers

Pan American Health Organization PAHO; World Health Organization WHO (2025) C_WHO

The document "Combating False Information on Vaccines: A Guide for EPI Managers" is designed to help Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) managers address vaccine misinformation. It begins by defining misinformation and explaining why it spreads rapidly, often due to its emotional appeal and simpl... more

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A cross-country qualitative analysis of teachers’ perceptions of asthma care in sub-Saharan Africa

Naidoo, K.L.; Dladla, S.; Mphahlele, R.E. et al. npj Primary Care Respiratory Medicine (2023) CC2

Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory disease among school-going adolescents worldwide. However, the burden of severe asthma is highest in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to explore teachers’ perceptions of asthma care across six African countries. We conducted focus group discussions... more

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Factors Associated with HIV Infection among Educated Malawians: Analysis of the 2010 Demographic and Health Survey

Chapotera, Gertrude, Vinitha Jayachandran, and John Phuka ICF International (2016) C2

DHS Working Papers No. 127

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Sex and your Health

Department of Health, Province of Kwazulu-Natal USAID, UNFPA, PEPFAR (2015)

Accessed 7 July 2015

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Partnerships, Advocacy and Communication for Social Change. Webinar 7. Companion Technical Booklet

Cable, C. UNICEF (2014)

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Capacity Building Plan: Paraguay

OECD (2015) C1

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Menstrual Hygiene Matters

House, S.; T. Mahon and S. Cavill Water Aid (2012) C2

A resource for improving menstraul hygiene around the world. Comprehensive guidance with examples of good practice, information for colleagues and pupils in class and tips on how to break the taboo

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Access to School and the Learning Environment Vol. II - Universal Design for Learning. Webinar 11: Companion Technical Booklet

Johnstone, C. (2014)

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Ukraine Returns Report #2 (October 2022)

International Organization for Migration IOM Reliefweb OCHA Services (2022) C2

Starting on 24 February 2022, a large-scale armed conflict in Ukraine triggered an unprecedented humanitarian crisis across the country, characterised, among other elements, by the displacement of a significant proportion of the Ukrainian population. As early as April 2022, the International Organi... more

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Teachers, Inclusive, Child-Centred Teaching and Pedagogy. Webinar 12. Companion Technical Booklet

Grimes, P. (2014)

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Facts on Disability and Child Labour

International Labour Organization (ILO) & Kingdom of the Netherlands (2011) C2

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Zimbabwe: Emergency Situation Report No. 6, As of 6 May 2019

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (2019) C2

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Skills Lab Operational Guidelines

Maternal Health Division Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India (2013) C1

Strengthening competency based training of health care providers for Reproductive Maternal Newborn Child & Adolescenct Health (RMNCH + A) services

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We Control Malaria

Mayling Simpson-Hebert Catholic Relief Services (2008)

Participatory Learning and Action Planning; A Facilitator's Guide

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Zika, Dengue and Chikungunya Toolkit: Adaptation for Latin America and the Caribbean. School/youth module

International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies IFRC (2017) C1

In the battle against diseases like Zika and dengue, knowledge is power. Climate change is shifting the distribution of mosquitoes and to new areas. Empowering communities is essential in reaching and pro- tecting the most vulnerable individuals and households. Vector control programmes, community... more

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Sexual and reproductive health rights (SRHR) and HIV and AIDS linkages integration strategy and implementation plan

Ministry of Health, Gabarone, Botswana (2013) C2

The Government of Botswana’s SRH Policy Guidelines and Service Standards document provides the framework for developing a responsive strategy and an implementation plan for SRHR and HIV&AIDS Linkages and Integration. The global call on governments to demonstrate commitments to intensify linkages b... more

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Women in Nepal-Highlight statistics 2018

Central Bureau of Statistics, National Planning Commission Government of Nepal (2018) C1