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Assessment of risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in health workers: protocol for a case-control study

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO

Nested case-control study of health workers exposed to confirmed COVID-19 patients. Similar objectives to the cohort study but case-control studies may be cheaper and provide robust evidence to characterize and assess the risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection in health workers exposed to COVID-19 p... more

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Challenges in the Management of Bronchial Asthma Among Adults in Nigeria: A Systematic Review

Onyedum, C.C.; Ukwaja, K.N.; Desula, O.O.; Ezeudo, D. (2013) CC2

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by airway hyper-responsiveness to a variety of stimuli largely of allergic origin with reversible airflow limitation. The major clinical features of asthma are wheezing, shortness of breath, and cough. It is a major cause of impaired quality o... more

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2014-15 Demographic and Health Survey Fact Sheet Rwanda

National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR) & The DHS Program (2016) C2

General fact sheet in booklet form about the 2014-2015 Demographic and Health Survey conducted in Rwanda. The 2014-15 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey (RDHS) provides data for monitoring the health situation of the population in Rwanda. The 2014-15 RDHS is the 5th Demographic and Health Survey c... more

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World malaria report 2024

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2024) C_WHO

New data from the WHO reveal that an estimated 2.2 billion cases of malaria and 12.7 million deaths have been averted since 2000, but the disease remains a serious global health threat, particularly in the WHO African Region. According to WHO’s latest World malaria report, there were an estimated ... more

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Development Finance at a Turning Point: Effects and Policy Recommendations

Berensmann K., Laudage Teles S., Sommer C., et al. German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS) (2023) CC

Development finance is at a turning point, as the macroeconomic environment has changed profoundly and the financing gap for low- and middle-income countries has widened. The events that led to this new situation are the multiple crises that the global economy is facing, such as the climate crisis, ... more

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Community Engagement During Public Health Emergencies Like COVID-19: An Action Framework and Toolkit

Bangladesh Red Crescent Society; BRAC; Government of Bangladesh; UN Children's Fund UNICEF; UN Women; World Health Organization WHO (2023) CC

This handbook offers a simple framework of action for actors in local government, and in particular, health leaders such as Civil Surgeons (CSs) and Upazila Health and Family Planning Officers (UHFPQOs), to take ownership and leadership to combat COVID-19 at each district and upazila respectively, w... more

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Promouvoir des Soins de Proximité en Afrique : L'exemple de la Médecine Générale Communautaire au Bénin; Promotion of community-based care in Africa: example of community general practice in Benin

Roland Caplain, Ismaïl Yacoubou, Didier Adedemy, Alidou Sani, Sandrine Takam, Dominique Desplat Cairn Info (2014) C2

Des efforts considérables ont été menés pour apporter aux populations rurales du continent africain des soins de base. Mais la qualité de ces soins reste aujourd’hui peu satisfaisante car le médecin généraliste est le plus souvent absent en première ligne. Cette situation est paradoxa... more

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Challenges and opportunities for primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of Chagas' disease

Rassi A., Dias J.C.P., Marin-Neto J.a. Heart (2009) C2

A century after its discovery, Chagas' disease still represents a major public health challenge in Latin America. Moreover, because of growing population movements, an increasing number of cases of imported Chagas' disease have now been detected in non-endemic areas, such as North America and some E... more

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UNICEF Programming for Psychosocial Support - Frequently Asked Questions

United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) (2005)

1. What do we mean by ‘psychosocial support (PSS)? | 2. What are the basic principles of psychosocial support for UNICEF? | 3. In what types of situations does UNICEF address psychosocial support? | 4. Are there certain psychosocial interventions in which UNICEF should not normally seek to inves... more

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Baseline Mapping of Neglected Tropical Diseases in Africa: The Accelerated WHO/AFRO Mapping Project

Rebollo M.P., Onyeze A.N., Tiendrebeogo A. et al The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (2021) C2

ajtmh.20-1538 Volume 104, 6. Mapping is a prerequisite for effective implementation of interventions against neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Before the accelerated World Health Organization (WHO)/Regional Office for Africa (AFRO) NTD Mapping Project was initiated in 2014, mapping efforts in man... more

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The Condition of the Girl Child worldwide - Fifth Edition

Indefes - Terre des Hommes (2016) C1

In the last five years, i.e. how old turned the Campaign “Indifesa” (Defenceless) in 2016, that was launched by Terre des Hommes in 2012, the world has become smaller. One can actually say that the derangements following the Arab Spring in 2011 reshuffled what is stable and what produces instabi... more

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A guide to tailoring health programmes: Using behavioural and cultural insights to tailor health policies, services and communications to the needs and circumstances of people and communities

World Health Organization WHO (2023) CC

WHO/Europe has launched a new guide, providing support to countries on how to apply behavioural and cultural insights (BCI) for health. It presents a simple step-wise approach, complemented by a rich collection of detailed considerations, tools and exercises. The guide is the first of its kind, spec... more

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Preparedness: saves time, money and lives

Inter-Agency Standing Committee; World Food Programme (2011) C2

This document addresses preparedness as an important investment against natural and man-made disasters. Through good practices, it urges the humanitarian community, governments and regional bodies to use preparedness thinking to be aware of risks, to reduce them and to plan ahead to combat them in o... more

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Infection Prevention: A reference booklet forhealth care providers

EngenderHealth (2011) C2

Infectious diseases are constantly in transition. New diseases develop, known dis-eases become widespread or reemerge, and occasionally a disease is eradicated.Infectious diseases such as HIV, tuberculosis, and cholera are significant causes ofillness and death in many parts of the world. Health car... more

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SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC response to earthquake: Situation report #1

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

TUATION UPDATE In the early morning of 6 February 2023, a magnitude 7.8 earthquake occurred in southern Türkiye near the northern border of Syria. The earthquake was followed 11 minutes later by a magnitude 6.7 aftershock. Many aftershocks are still being felt across the region. Whilst the imp... more

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Burden of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and access to essential medicines in low-income and middle-income countries

The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2015) CC2

Demographic and epidemiological transitions are changing the age structure of the population and the most common diseases. Non-communicable respiratory diseases are an increasing problem at both ends of the age range in low-income and middle-income countries. In children, who represent a large propo... more

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Siege and Death In Eastern Ghota

Assistance Coordination Unit (2018)

Over-plagued with deadly siege, the Eastern Ghota is still subject to a vicious military regime attack in an attempt to force its people to flee for their life or just die in place. The sufferings in Eastern Ghota have been continuing, unabated for more than five running years, leaving the area bere... more

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Heat-stability study of various insulin types in tropical temperature conditions: New insights towards improving diabetes care

Kaufmann, B.; Boulle, P.; Berthou, F.; et al. PLoS One (2021) CC

Strict storage recommendations for insulin are difficult to follow in hot tropical regions and even more challenging in conflict and humanitarian emergency settings, adding an extra burden to the management of people with diabetes. According to pharmacopeia unopened insulin vials must be stored in a... more

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Africa’s Health Financing in a New Era

Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) (2025) CC

Africa’s health sector is facing an unprecedented financing crisis, driven by a sharp decline of 70% in Official Development Assistance (ODA) from 2021 to 2025 and deep-rooted structural vulnerabilities. This collapse is placing immense pressure on Africa’s already fragile health systems as ODA ...is seen as the backbone of critical health programs: pandemic preparedness, maternal and child health services, disease control programs are all at risk, threatening Sustainable Development Goal 3 and Universal Health Coverage. Compounding this is Africa’s spiraling debt, with countries expected to service USD 81 billion by 2025—surpassing anticipated external financing inflows—further eroding fiscal space for health investments. Level of domestic resources is low. TThe Abuja Declaration of 2001, a pivotal commitment made by African Union (AU) member states, aimed to reverse this trend by pledging to allocate at least 15% of national budgets to the health sector. However, more than two decades later, only three countries—Rwanda, Botswana, and Cabo Verde—have consistently met or exceeded this target (WHO, 2023). In contrast, over 30 AU member states remain well below the 10% benchmark, with some allocating as little as 5–7% of their national budgets to health. In addition, only 16 (29%) of African countries currently have updated versions of National Health Development Plan (NHDP) supported by a National Health Financing Plan (NHFP). These two documents play a critical role in driving internal resource mobilisation. At the same time, public health emergencies are surging, rising 41%—from 152 in 2022 to 213 in 2024—exposing severe under-resourcing of health infrastructure and workforce. Recurring outbreaks (Mpox, Ebola, cholera, measles, Marburg…) alongside effects of climate change and humanitarian crises in Eastern DRC, the Sahel, and Sudan, are overwhelming systems stretched by chronic underfunding. The situation is worsened by Africa’s heavy dependency with over 90% of vaccines, medicines, and diagnostics being externally sourced—leaving countries vulnerable to global supply chain shocks. Health worker shortages persist, with only 2.3 professionals per 1,000 people (below the WHO’s recommended 4.45), and fewer than 30% of systems are digitized, undermining disease surveillance and early warning. Without decisive action, Africa CDC projects the continent could reverse two decades of health progress, face 2 to 4 million additional preventable deaths annually, and a heightened risk of a pandemic emerging from within. Furthermore, 39 million more Africans could be pushed into poverty by 2030 due to intertwined health and economic shocks. This is not just a sectoral crisis—it is an existential threat to Africa’s political, social, and economic resilience, and global stability. In response, African leaders, under Africa CDC’s stewardship, are advancing a comprehensive three-pillar strategy centered on domestic resource mobilization, innovative financing, and blended finance. more

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La prise en charge de la malnutrition sévère : Manuel à l’usage des médecins et autres personnels de santé à des postes d’encadrement

Organisation Mondiale de la Santé OMS (1999) C_WHO