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Integration of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene for the Prevention and Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases: A Rationale for Inter-Sectoral Collaboration

Freeman, M.C.; Ogden, S.; Jacobson, J. et al PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases (2013) C2

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002439 South Sudan has a high burden – among the highest in sub-Saharan Africa – of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). This adversely affects the health and social and economic well-being of people in the country. The prevention, control and eventual elim... more

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Mpox Testing Strategy - November 2024

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2024) CC

Mpox is an emerging zoonotic disease caused by the mpox virus, a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus closely related to the variola virus that causes smallpox. Mpox was first discovered in 1958 when outbreaks of a pox-like disease occurred in monkeys kept for research. The first human case was recorde...d in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) during a period of intensified effort to eliminate smallpox and since then the infection has been reported in a number of African countries. Mpox can spread in humans through close contact, usually skin-to-skin contact, including sexual contact, with an infected person or animal, as well as with materials contaminated with the virus such as clothing, beddings and towels, and respiratory droplets in prolonged face to face contact. People remain infectious from the onset of symptoms until all the lesions have scabbed and healed. The virus may spread from infected animals through handling infected meat or through bites or scratches. Diagnosis is confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of material from a lesion for the virus’s DNA. Two separate clades of the mpox virus are currently circulating in Africa: Clade I, which includes subclades Ia and Ib, and Clade II, comprising subclades IIa and IIb. Clade Ia and Clade Ib have been associated with ongoing human-to-human transmission and are presently responsible for outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), while Clade Ib is also contributing to outbreaks in Burundi and other countries. In 2022‒2023 mpox caused a global outbreak in over 110 countries, most of which had no previous history of the disease, primarily driven by human-to-human transmission of clade II through sexual contact. In just over a year, over 90,000 cases and 150 deaths were reported to the WHO. For the second time since 2022, mpox has been declared a global health emergency as the virus spreads rapidly across the African continent. On 13 Aug 2024, Africa CDC declared the ongoing mpox outbreak a Public Health Emergency of Continental Security (PHECS), marking the first such declaration by the agency since its inception in 2017.7 This declaration empowered the Africa CDC to lead and coordinate responses to the mpox outbreak across affected African countries. On August 14, 2024, the WHO declared the resurgence of mpox a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) emphasizing the need for coordinated international response. As of August 2024, Mpox has expanded beyond its traditional endemic regions, with new cases reported in countries including Sweden, Thailand, the Philippines, and Pakistan. Sweden has confirmed its first case of Clade 1 variant, which has been rapidly spreading in Africa, particularly in DRC. The emergence of this new variant raises concerns about its potential for higher lethality and transmission rates outside Africa. more

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Preparing for and responding to global health emergencies

Cochrane Convenes (2022) C1

Learnings from the COVID-19 evidence response and recommendations for the future. Reflections and recommendations from the evidence synthesis community.

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Assessment of Learning Disabilities: Cooperation between Teachers, Psychologists and Parents

Tuija Aro and Timo Ahonen Niilo Mäki Institute (2011) C2

African edition

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Community Health Extension Workers Strategy in Uganda (2015/16- 2019/20)

Ministry of Health, Republic of Uganda (2016) C1

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Impact of health systems strengthening on coverage of maternal health services in Rwanda, 2000–2010: a systematic review

Maurice Bucagu, Jean M. Kagubare, Paulin Basinga, Fidèle Ngabo, Barbara K Timmons & Angela C Lee Reproductive Health Matters (2012) CC

From 2000 to 2010, Rwanda implemented comprehensive health sector reforms to strengthen the public health system, with the aim of reducing maternal and newborn deaths in line with Millennium Development Goal 5, among many other improvements in national health. Based on a systematic review of the lit... more

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African Union AMR Landmark Report: Voicing African Priorities on the Active Pandemic

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2024) CC

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a leading cause of death in the African region, surpassing fatalities from malaria, HIV, and TB. In response to this critical threat, the region has adopted the AMR Global Action Plan and the African Union Framework for Antimicrobial Resistance Control 2... more

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Toolkit on disability for AFRICA: FRAMEWORKS FOR IMPLEMENTING AND MONITORING THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES

United Nations Division for Social Policy Development (DSPD) & United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) (2016) C1

Module 2

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Strategies to prevent diversion of opioid substitution treatment medications

European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (2016) C2

Perspectives on Drugs

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DRR Working Group Strategic Framework 2013–2018

DRR [Disaster Risk Reduction] Working Group Myanmar (2014) C1

The changes occurring in Myanmar highlight the need to have a robust DRR network that can support the Government as well as the communities in their efforts to build a resilient Myanmar. To this end, the DRR WG devised and facilitated a multi-stakeholder process aiming to develop its Strategic Frame... more

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Health interventions for older people in emergencies

Fritsch, P. Help Age International; ECHO (2013) CC

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HIV and TB in Practice for nurses: Starting ART for treatment and prevention in people with active TB and HIV

Theo Smart (2012) C1

HIV & AIDS Treatment in Practice No.199

External Link

Evaluation of drug promotional materials in a hospital setting in Nepal

Alam K., Shah A.K., Ojah P., et al. Southern Med Review (2009) C1

Southern Med Review (2009)2;1:2-6

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National Community Health Worker Strategy in Zambia

Ministry of Health, Zambia (2010) C1

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Provincial Guide to Cultural and Religious Practices and Observances in Managing COVID-19 Fatalities in the Western Cape

Western Cape Government, South Africa (2020) CC

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Quantitative evaluation of essential medicines lists: the South African case study

Velisha Ann Perumal-Pillay & Fatima Suleman BMC Health Services Research (2016) CC

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Kenya Malaria Monitoring and Evaluation Plan 2009-2018

JAMES MACHARIA Ministry of Health, Kenya (2014) CC

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Autism and asperger's: for parents, carers and anyone working with young people

Royal College of Psychiatrists (2019) C2

This webpage gives details about Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorders, as well as offering practical advice about how to get help. Accessed: 29.03.2019

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Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme DOTS-Plus Guidelines

Central TB Division, Director ate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (2010) C1

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National Guidelines of ART

National AIDS STD Program, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of He alth and Family Welfare (2011) C1