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Epidemiological Update: Dengue. 7 February 2020

World Health Organization WHO Pan American Health Organization PAHO PAHO (2020) CC

Epidemiological Update Dengue 7 February 2020 Situation summary In the Region of the Americas, between epidemiological week (EW) 1 and EW 521 of 2019, a total of 3,139,335 cases of dengue have been reported (321.58 cases per 100,000 population), including 1,538 deaths. Of the total cases, 1,367,... more

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WHO implementation handbook for national action plans on antimicrobial resistance: guidance for the human health sector

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO

The purpose of this publication is to to provide a practical, stepwise approach to the implementation of the national action plans on AMR within the human health sector; and to provide a process and collation of existing WHO tools to prioritize, cost, implement, monitor and evaluate national action ... more

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Interim Guidance Document on Cholera Surveillance

Global Task Force on Cholera Control (GTFCC) World Health Organisation (WHO) (2017) C_WHO

The objective of this guidance document is to support the public health professionals in implementing effective surveillance of cholera in at-risk, endemic and epidemic areas. This document has been developed by the Surveillance Working Group of the Global Task Force for Cholera Control (GTFCC) a... more

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Tests diagnostiques pour le dépistage du SARS-CoV-2 : orientations provisoires, 11 septembre 2020

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO

Available in Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Portuguese, Russian and Spanish https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/334254

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Antimicrobial Resistance: Challenges and Perspectives

Doyle, M.P.; G. H. Loneragan, H. M. Scott et al. (2006) C2

Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, Vol.12 (2013) pp.234-248 In 2006, the Institute of Food Technologists (IFT) published an Expert Report entitled “Antimicrobial Resistance: Implications for the Food System” (IFT 2006). That report summarized current scientiﬁc knowledge pe... more

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Leptospirosis in sugarcane plantation and fishing communities in Kagera northwestern Tanzania

Mgode, G.; Japhary, M.; Mhamphi, G. et al. PLoS Neglected Tropical diseases (2019) CC

Leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonotic disease of worldwide importance, though relatively neglected in many African countries including sub Saharan Africa that is among areas with high burden of this disease. The disease is often mistaken for other febrile illnesses such as dengue, malaria, rickettsi... more

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L'Afrique face à la pandémie de la COVID-19

Bapoutou, B.; et al. Jésuites d'Afrique de l'Ouest (2020) CC

IBOGA Review No.1 Revue Scientifique du Jésuites d'Afrique de l'Ouest

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South Africa - Country Cooperation Strategy 2023 - 2027

World Health Organization WHO (2025) C_WHO

The South African WHO Country Cooperation Strategy (CCS) 2023–2027 focuses on four key strategic priorities based on the country’s health needs and disease epidemiology, while also considering the need for building resilient health systems for UHC and health security in the post pandemic period.... more

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Global vaccine safety blueprint 2.0 (GVSB2.0) 2021-2023

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO

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Additional Content to the National Sexually Transmitted Infections Care and Treatment Course for Health Care Workers

Dept. of Health, Republic of South Africa (2015) C1

High Transmission Areas: Key Populations

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Epidemic meningitis surveillance in the African meningitis belt

World Health Organization WHO (2014) C_WHO

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WHO's response to Zika virus and its associated complications - Report to donors, December 2016

World Health Organization WHO (2017) C_WHO

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Preventing and mitigating COVID-19 at work

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO

Workplaces outside of healthcare facilities can be also settings for transmission of COVID-19. Outbreaks of COVID-19 has been reported in various types of workplaces and job categories. All workers should be protected from acquiring COVID-19 because of their work. The prevention of COVID-19 in ... more

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Rapid Health Assessment Protocols for Emergencies

World Health Organization WHO (1999) C_WHO

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Responding to a poliovirus event or outbreak - Part 2: Protocol for poliovirus type 2

Global Polio Eradication Initiative WHO (2017) C_WHO

The main objectives of the SOPs are to: (i) establish standards and timelines for response activities; and (ii) guide national governments and GPEI partners in key support functions. This new version of the SOPs presents overall response requirements for dealing with type 1, 2 and 3 poliovirus fo... more

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Antimicrobial movement from agricultural areas to the environment: The missing link

Jackson, J., Kheng Heng, L., Eklund, G. et al. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (2019) C2

A role for nuclear techniques Antimicrobials play a critical role in the treatment of human and animal (aquatic and terrestrial) diseases, which has led to their widespread application and use. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the ability of microorganisms to stop an antibiotic, such as an antimic... more

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Mpox Testing Strategy - November 2024

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2024) CC

Mpox is an emerging zoonotic disease caused by the mpox virus, a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus closely related to the variola virus that causes smallpox. Mpox was first discovered in 1958 when outbreaks of a pox-like disease occurred in monkeys kept for research. The first human case was recorde...d in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) during a period of intensified effort to eliminate smallpox and since then the infection has been reported in a number of African countries. Mpox can spread in humans through close contact, usually skin-to-skin contact, including sexual contact, with an infected person or animal, as well as with materials contaminated with the virus such as clothing, beddings and towels, and respiratory droplets in prolonged face to face contact. People remain infectious from the onset of symptoms until all the lesions have scabbed and healed. The virus may spread from infected animals through handling infected meat or through bites or scratches. Diagnosis is confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of material from a lesion for the virus’s DNA. Two separate clades of the mpox virus are currently circulating in Africa: Clade I, which includes subclades Ia and Ib, and Clade II, comprising subclades IIa and IIb. Clade Ia and Clade Ib have been associated with ongoing human-to-human transmission and are presently responsible for outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), while Clade Ib is also contributing to outbreaks in Burundi and other countries. In 2022‒2023 mpox caused a global outbreak in over 110 countries, most of which had no previous history of the disease, primarily driven by human-to-human transmission of clade II through sexual contact. In just over a year, over 90,000 cases and 150 deaths were reported to the WHO. For the second time since 2022, mpox has been declared a global health emergency as the virus spreads rapidly across the African continent. On 13 Aug 2024, Africa CDC declared the ongoing mpox outbreak a Public Health Emergency of Continental Security (PHECS), marking the first such declaration by the agency since its inception in 2017.7 This declaration empowered the Africa CDC to lead and coordinate responses to the mpox outbreak across affected African countries. On August 14, 2024, the WHO declared the resurgence of mpox a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) emphasizing the need for coordinated international response. As of August 2024, Mpox has expanded beyond its traditional endemic regions, with new cases reported in countries including Sweden, Thailand, the Philippines, and Pakistan. Sweden has confirmed its first case of Clade 1 variant, which has been rapidly spreading in Africa, particularly in DRC. The emergence of this new variant raises concerns about its potential for higher lethality and transmission rates outside Africa. more

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Transmission dynamics and control of Ebola virus disease (EVD): a review

Chowell and Nishiura (2014)

BMC Medicine 2014, 12:196 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/12/196

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Pandemic influenza preparedness and response WHO guidance document

World Health Organization (2009)

This document should be used in conjunction with the WHO checklist for influenza preparedness planning published by the World Health Organization in 2005. Available in English; Chinese; French

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Handbook for public health capacity-building at ground crossings and cross-border collaboration

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO

This handbook follows a comprehensive approach to health system strengthening at borders in order to support IHR national focal points and other national agencies in developing and implementing evidence-based action plans for IHR capacity development at ground crossings. The approach includes the mo... more