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Screening for cardiovascular disease risk and subsequent management in low and middle income countries: challenges and opportunities

Bovet, P.; Chiolero, A.; Paccaud, F. et al. Public Health Reviews (2015) CC

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD), mainly heart attack and stroke, is the leading cause of premature mortality in low and middle income countries (LMICs). Identifying and managing individuals at high risk of CVD is an important strategy to prevent and control CVD, in addition to multisector ... al population-based interventions to reduce CVD risk factors in the entire population. Methods: We describe key public health considerations in identifying and managing individuals at high risk of CVD in LMICs. Results: A main objective of any strategy to identify individuals at high CVD risk is to maximize the number of CVD events averted while minimizing the numbers of individuals needing treatment. Scores estimating the total risk of CVD (e.g. ten-year risk of fatal and non-fatal CVD) are available for LMICs, and are based on the main CVD risk factors (history of CVD, age, sex, tobacco use, blood pressure, blood cholesterol and diabetes status). Opportunistic screening of CVD risk factors enables identification of persons with high CVD risk, but this strategy can be widely applied in low resource settings only if cost effective interventions are used (e.g. the WHO Package of Essential NCD interventions for primary health care in low resource settings package) and if treatment (generally for years) can be sustained, including continued availability ofaffordable medications and funding mechanisms that allow people to purchase medications without impoverishing them (e.g. universal access to health care). Thisalso emphasises the need to re-orient health systems in LMICs towards chronic diseases management. Conclusion: The large burden of CVD in LMICs and the fact that persons with high CVD can be identified and managed along cost-effective interventions mean that health systems need to be structured in a way that encourages patient registration, opportunistic screening of CVD risk factors, efficient procedures for the management of chronic conditions (e.g. task sharing) and provision of affordable treatment for those with high CVD risk. The focus needs to be in primary care because that is where most of the population can access health care and because CVD programmes can be run effectively at this level. more

Developmental Disabilities

Institute of Medicine (US); Committee on Nervous System Disorders in Developing Countries; National Academy of Sciences (2001) C2

Neurological, Psychiatric, and Developmental Disorders: Meeting the Challenge in the Developing World Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Nervous System Disorders in Developing Countries. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2001.

Formulary of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances for Ethiopia

Drug Administration and Control Authority (DACA) of Ethiopia (2004) C1

Ethiopia: Standard Treatment Guidelines for Health Center

Drug Administration and Control Authority of Ethiopia Contents (2014) C1

3rd edition

WHO best practices for injections and related procedures toolkit

World Health Organization; SIGN (2010) C_WHO

The WHO guidelines provide recommended steps for safe phlebotomy and reiterate accepted principles for drawing, collecting blood and transporting blood to laboratories/blood banks.

KENYA AIDS RESPONSE PROGRESS REPORT 2016

Ministry of Health and National AIDS Control Council, Republic of Kenya (2016) C2

Recovery-oriented psychosocial strategies enhancing independent living and social skills (such as life skills and social skills training)

World Health Organization WHO (2015) C_WHO

Q11. SCOPING QUESTIONS: In people with psychotic disorders (including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder) are recovery-oriented psychosocial strategies enhancing independent living and social skills (such as life skills and social skills training) feasible and effective?

National Union of Disability Organisations of Rwanda - STRATEGIC PLAN: 2015 - 2020

National Union of Disability Organisations of Rwanda (NUDOR) (2015) C2

NUDOR’s first strategic plan (2010-2016) focused on establishing NUDOR as a viable, well-run organisation. Significant progress has been made towards these aims and therefore the strategy and has been reviewed by NUDOR board, secretariat and member organisations. The updated strategic plan now cov ... more

Laboratory diagnosis of Buruli ulcer
recommended

Portaels, F- World Health Organization WHO (2014) C_WHO

A manual for health care providers. This manual provides expert guidance on the laboratory techniques and procedures used in the diagnosis of Buruli ulcer, a disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. Aimed at laboratory technicians and scientists working on this disease, the manual details the exac ... more

Cardiovascular Disease, Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity, Cancer, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Hyperlipidaemia Care
recommended

Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Tanzania Tanzania Diabetes Association (2014) CC

Case Manangement Training Modules

GUIDELINES FOR GOOD CLINICAL TRIAL PRACTICE IN ZIMBABWE

Medicines Control Authority of Zimbabwe (MCAZ) (2012) C2

Caregiver strain and symptoms of depression among principal caregivers of patients with schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder in Sri Lanka

Chaturaka Rodrigo, Tharanga Fernando, Senaka Rajapakse, et al. (2013) CC

Int J Ment Health Syst. 2013 Jan 9;7(1):2. doi: 10.1186/1752-4458-7-2.

Kenya: National Health Accounts 2012/2013

Ministry of Health (2013) C1

Kenya Malaria Indicator Survey 2020

Ministry of Health, Kenya; et al. ICF International (2021) C1

Final Report

Antimicrobials use, reistance and containment baseline survey (Ethiopia)

Drug Administration and Control Authority of Ethiopia , et al. (2009) C1

Emergence of antimicrobial resistance is a result of the use, overuse and misuse of antibiotics both in humans and animals. In Ethiopia, there are indications on the misuse of antibiotics by health care providers’, unskilled practitioners, and drug consumers. These coupled with rapid spread of res ... more

Practical Guide to Mental Health Problems
recommended

Sian Hawkins International Assistance Mission (2014) C2

This 88 page book is designed to help primary care workers understand mental health problems and how they can be treated. Mental health problems from childhood to old age are examined. The book focuses primarily on the Afghan culture but is also relevant to a wider community

Injury Prevention and Environmental Health. Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition : Volume 7

Mock, Charles N.; Nugent, Rachel; Kobusingye, Olive; et al. World Bank (2017) CC

The substantial burden of death and disability that results from interpersonal violence, road traffic injuries, unintentional injuries, occupational health risks, air pollution, climate change, and inadequate water and sanitation falls disproportionally on low- and middle-income countries. Injury Pr ... more

Community Empowerment Manual

We World GVC (2020) C1

The present Community Empowerment Manual draws upon the lessons learned of the Community Protection Approach implementation in Lebanon, the occupied Palestinian territory and Central America during the period 2015-2020 by WeWorld – GVC and its partners. The Manual means to accompany Field Staff i ... more

HIV and young people who inject drugs

A. Armstrong; J. Baer; R. Baggaley; et al. UNAIDS; World Health Organization; UNFPA; et al. (2015) C_WHO

Technical Brief

Indicators and Reference Data: A Practical Tool for Project Managers in Humanitarian Aid

Marie Theres Benner and K. Peter Schmitz Malteser International (2011)

Operational Guideline