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2nd edition. The Event-based Surveillance Framework is intended to be used by authorities and agencies responsible for surveillance and response. This framework serves as an outline to guide stakeholders interested in implementing event-based survei
...
llance (EBS) using a multisectoral, One Health approach. You can download the Training Manual and Framework in Arabic, English, French, and Portuguese
more
The Interim Guidance for Risk Communication and Community Engagement (RCCE) outlines recommendations, considerations and methods to raise awareness, manage risk perception, maintain trust and proactively support people at risk to make informed decisions to protect themselves and others from monkeypo
...
x. The guidance includes recommendations on identifying and communicating with affected populations and key audiences and avoiding stigma in communications outreach. It also includes key messages about symptoms of monkeypox, transmission, prevention measures, and communicating about uncertainty. This document also provides RCCE guidance for managers and planners of gatherings and events, where close physical contact may create an environment conducive for the transmission of monkeypox. Additionally, this document includes a compendium of recommendations for RCCE methods and resources to support the monkeypox response.
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Social and Behavior Change Communication for Emergency Preparedness Implementation Kit
Amrita Gill-Bailey, Kathryn Bertram, Uttara Bharath et al.
Johns Hopkins University and US Agency for International Development (USAID)
(2017)
C1
Each unit builds on the one prior, and they all combine to provide key information for developing an SBCC strategy. It is not essential, however, to work through the I-Kit from start to finish. Users can choose to focus on specific aspects for which they need support in their emergency communication
...
response. The nine units and corresponding worksheets are outlined in the I-Kit Site Navigator.
more
The CDAC Network commissioned a practice guide to draw both on their experiences and many others’ in order to document approaches, practices and tools to working with rumors. It is aimed primarily at humanitarian programme managers and field staff to provide them with practical tips on how to work
...
with rumors in their response programs in a way that is achievable amid competing demands.
Part One focuses on some of the theory behind rumors: the definition, nature and importance of rumors, and why we need to work with them.
Part Two explains the key steps and considerations to identifying and addressing rumous: listening, verifying and engaging.
Part Three examines different roles and responsibilities in working with rumous, and how anticipation, coordination and partnerships can enhance what you do.
more
Through technical consultations with countries and partners, WHO has led the development of Preparedness and Resilience for Emerging Threats Module 1: Planning for respiratory pathogen pandemics. Version 1.0. The Module, currently available as an advanced draft, builds on previous pandemic lessons a
...
nd guidance, and has the following new elements:
It presents an integrated and efficient respiratory pathogen pandemic planning approach covering both novel pathogens and those known to have pandemic potential;
It enables coherence in addressing pathogen-agnostic and pathogen-specific elements for better preparedness;
It gives an organizing framework including operational stages and triggers for escalation and de-escalation between pandemic preparedness and response periods;
It contextualizes 12 IHR (2005) core capacities within the five components of health emergency preparedness, response and resilience (HEPR), from the respiratory threats perspective; and
It describes the critical sectors for respiratory pathogen pandemic preparedness to trigger multisectoral collaboration.
WHO will finalize and publish this Module after a global technical meeting that will be held on 24-26 April 2023.
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The NIAID Pandemic Preparedness Plan describes the strategy of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) to strengthen research and development for future pandemic threats. The plan focuses on identifying and studying viruses with the potential to cause epidemics or pandemics
...
and developing medical countermeasures such as vaccines, therapeutics and diagnostics. A key concept is the research on “prototype pathogens,” which represent virus families that may cause future outbreaks, allowing scientists to prepare tools and knowledge in advance. The document also outlines the importance of surveillance, epidemiological research, technological innovation, clinical trials and international collaboration to enable a faster and more effective response to emerging infectious diseases. Overall, the plan aims to improve scientific preparedness so that new health threats can be detected earlier and controlled more rapidly.
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This guidance has been developed in line with the WHO corporate risk management framework, the WHO business continuity and contingency plans, as well as the Inter-Agency Emergency Response Preparedness Framework. It is based on a common organiza-tio
...
nal approach and procedures for managing including emergency response across all hazards and at each level of the Organization. It relates WHO’s responsibilities (1) under the International Health Regulations (2005) and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, and other international treaties; (2) as the United Nations’ lead agency for health and the health cluster; and (3) as a member of the United Nations or Humanitarian Country Teams
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The webpage ”H5 Reference Laboratories” on the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS) site describes a network of specialized laboratories designated by the World Health Organization to support global influenza monitoring
...
— particularly for H5 subtype avian influenza viruses.
It explains that these reference laboratories perform high-level testing, characterization, and sharing of influenza virus samples, including genetic sequencing and antigenic analysis. Their role is to help detect and assess influenza virus strains of public health concern (especially H5 strains with pandemic potential), support vaccine strain selection, and provide technical guidance and capacity building to national influenza centers and other laboratories. The page highlights the importance of this global laboratory network in strengthening early warning, risk assessment, and preparedness for influenza outbreaks and pandemics.
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The Ethiopia Multi-Sectorial Cholera Elimination Plan (2022-2028) outlines a national strategy to eliminate cholera in Ethiopia by 2028. The plan follows the Global Roadmap to End Cholera by 2030 and is based on six key pillars: Leadership & Coordination, Water, Sanitation & Hygiene (WASH), Surveill
...
ance & Reporting, Use of Oral Cholera Vaccines (OCV), Healthcare System Strengthening, and Community Engagement.
Ethiopia has historically faced recurrent cholera outbreaks due to poor sanitation, unsafe water, and weak health infrastructure. The plan prioritizes high-risk areas (hotspot woredas) and aims to reduce cholera-related mortality by 90% by 2028. It includes efforts to improve WASH conditions, strengthen disease surveillance, enhance rapid response capabilities, expand vaccination campaigns, and integrate cholera control into broader health policies.
The government, in collaboration with international partners such as WHO, UNICEF, and the Global Task Force for Cholera Control (GTFCC), will implement and monitor the plan. The estimated budget for the initiative is $390 million over eight years. Ethiopia aims to achieve zero cholera transmission in hotspot regions, ensuring sustainable public health improvements.
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This practice guide offers approaches, practices and tools to working with rumours and misinformation. It is aimed primarily at humanitarian programme managers and field staff to provide them with practical tips on how to work with rumours in their respons
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e programmes in a way that is achievable amid competing demands.
Available in Arabic, English, French and Korean
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A Simulation Exercise (SimEx) simulates an emergency situation to which a described or simulated response is made. The purpose of a simulation exercise is to validate and enhance preparedness and response
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plans, procedures and systems for all hazards and capabilities. WHO defines different types of exercises, including discussion-based table top exercises as well as operations-based exercises such as drills, functional exercises and field/full scale exercises.
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Lessons learned from recent public health events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, Ebola virus disease, Zika virus disease outbreaks, and other public health threats, including earthquakes and floods, have highlighted the need for countries to continuously develop, strengthen, and maintain capacities r
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equired under the International Health Regulations (2005) (IHR (2005)).
Developing capacities for health security in a country requires the engagement of public and private entities across a broad range of sectors, including human and animal health, agriculture, environment, finance, security, emergency management, education, and transportation. The World Health Organization (WHO) is mandated through various resolutions, decisions, and reports of the World Health Assembly, and through the IHR (2005), to provide technical guidance and support to its Member States in developing, strengthening, and maintaining their health systems, including capacities required under the IHR (2005).
For countries to better prevent, prepare for, detect, notify, respond to, and recover from public health emergencies, they must build and maintain IHR core capacities and support the strengthening of health emergency prevention, preparedness, response, and resilience (HEPR) capacities. National Action Plans for Health Security (NAPHS), as capacity development plans, provide the tasks and resources needed to ensure adequate capacities are in place to prevent, detect, respond to, and recover from public health events in a sustainable manner. Investing in the resilience of these capacities within national health systems at national and local levels not only improves national health security but also helps safeguard economic, social, and political developments.
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The presentation “Lessons Learned from Pandemic Outbreaks and Preparedness Strategies” discusses key insights from past pandemics—such as COVID-19, HIV/AIDS, and influenza—and emphasizes the importance of stronger global preparedness. It outlines strategies for improving pandemic
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response, including strengthening health systems, enhancing surveillance, implementing the International Health Regulations (IHR 2005), conducting risk and vulnerability assessments, and promoting intersectoral collaboration through a One Health approach. The presentation highlights the need for resilient health systems and communities, political commitment, scientific innovation, global solidarity, and sustained investment in preparedness to better respond to future public health emergencies.
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The WHO “Surveillance” page on the Emergencies section explains how the World Health Organization supports disease surveillance in the context of health emergencies. It highlights that effective surveillance systems are essential to detect disease outbreaks quickly in emergency settings, such as
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during conflicts, natural disasters, or humanitarian crises, so that outbreaks can be identified before they spread widely and cause many deaths. The page also describes WHO’s approaches and tools for surveillance, including standardized data collection on attacks on health care, early warning, alert and response systems, and guidance materials that help countries monitor and analyse health threats, share information, and improve their early detection and response capacities during public health emergencies.
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The document is a practical handbook developed by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) that provides guidance on how to design, plan, conduct, and evaluate simulation exercises in public health settings. Its main purpose is to help organisations improve their preparedness an
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d response to communicable disease outbreaks by using structured exercises as a training and evaluation tool. The handbook explains different types of exercises, outlines the steps involved in organising them, and highlights the importance of clear objectives, coordination, and evaluation. Overall, it aims to strengthen emergency preparedness by enabling organisations to identify weaknesses, improve collaboration, and enhance their ability to respond effectively to public health crises.
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The GHEC framework is designed to provide guiding principles for standardizing health emergency workforce structures to strengthen the capacity of countries in responding to health emergencies, and to enhance collaboration between countries by better connecting regional and global surge
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response mechanisms, facilitating information exchange, and improving access to expertise and human response capacity at times of need.
This is the first version of the GHEC framework and is intended to be updated as experience is gained with its implementation and adaptation.
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During health emergencies, medical expert teams and equipment need to be deployed in the shortest time possible to support response efforts. Being prepared to intervene immediately in health emergencies is crucial in saving lives. The EU coordinates
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medical missions to respond to infectious disease outbreaks and emergencies in cooperation with all EU Member States and participating states.
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The document focuses on providing access to clean water and educating people about cholera, including its causes, symptoms, and prevention. It discusses the impact of cholera outbreaks, particularly in the Middle East, and highlights the importance of sanitation, hygiene, and proper water treatment
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to prevent the spread of the disease. The text also emphasizes the need for public awareness campaigns and emergency response efforts to mitigate cholera’s effects on vulnerable communities.
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The WHO Global Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Surveillance page describes a World Health Organization initiative under the Global Influenza Programme to monitor RSV infections worldwide. It explains that WHO uses the existing Global Influenza Surveillance and
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Response System (GISRS) to collect standardized epidemiological and laboratory data on RSV, in order to understand patterns such as seasonality, disease burden, and age groups at highest risk, especially in young children. The surveillance system aims to support countries in tracking RSV activity, improve detection and laboratory capacity, and generate evidence that can guide public health policies, including the use of vaccines and preventive measures. Overall, the text emphasizes building a global platform for RSV surveillance integrated with influenza monitoring to inform better respiratory virus control strategies.
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The document is a practical toolkit that provides guidance for healthcare facilities on how to prepare for emergencies, including pandemics and other disasters. It explains how to conduct risk assessments using an all-hazards approach, helping facilities identify potential threats such as natural di
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sasters, technical failures, and disease outbreaks. The text outlines how to develop emergency preparedness and pandemic plans, including key elements like communication, staffing, resource management, and coordination with local, state, and federal authorities. It also describes the four phases of emergency management—mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery—and emphasizes continuous evaluation and improvement. Overall, the document aims to help healthcare organizations ensure continuity of care and protect patients and staff during emergencies.
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