Background
Noncommunicable diseases are major contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Modifying the risk factors for these conditions, such as physical inactivity, is thus essential. Addressing the context or circumstances in which physical activity occurs may promote physical activity a...t a population level. We assessed the effects of infrastructure, policy or regulatory interventions for increasing physical activity.
Methods
We searched PubMed, Embase and clinicaltrials.gov to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs), controlled before-after (CBAs) studies, and interrupted time series (ITS) studies assessing population-level infrastructure or policy and regulatory interventions to increase physical activity. We were interested in the effects of these interventions on physical activity, body weight and related measures, blood pressure, and CVD and type 2 diabetes morbidity and mortality, and on other secondary outcomes. Screening and data extraction was done in duplicate, with risk of bias was using an adapted Cochrane risk of bias tool. Due to high levels of heterogeneity, we synthesised the evidence based on effect direction.
Results
We included 33 studies, mostly conducted in high-income countries. Of these, 13 assessed infrastructure changes to green or other spaces to promote physical activity and 18 infrastructure changes to promote active transport. The effects of identified interventions on physical activity, body weight and blood pressure varied across studies (very low certainty evidence); thus, we remain very uncertain about the effects of these interventions. Two studies assessed the effects of policy and regulatory interventions; one provided free access to physical activity facilities and showed that it may have beneficial effects on physical activity (low certainty evidence). The other provided free bus travel for youth, with intervention effects varying across studies (very low certainty evidence).
Conclusions
Evidence from 33 studies assessing infrastructure, policy and regulatory interventions for increasing physical activity showed varying results. The certainty of the evidence was mostly very low, due to study designs included and inconsistent findings between studies. Despite this drawback, the evidence indicates that providing access to physical activity facilities may be beneficial; however this finding is based on only one study. Implementation of these interventions requires full consideration of contextual factors, especially in low resource settings.
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Following the release of the Wheelchair Service Training Package – Basic level (WSTP-B), WHO in partnership with United States Agency for International Development (USAID) has developed the Wheelchair Service Training Package – Intermediate Level (WSTP-I). WSTP-I is the second part of the WHO w...heelchair service training package series and focusses more on addressing the needs of people who have severe difficulties in walking and moving around and also having poor postural control . While developing this training package, special attention was given on the provision of appropriate wheelchairs for children who have poor postural control and are unable to sit upright independently.
Purpose of the training
The need for wheelchair personnel is universal. WSTP-I is designed to support the training of personnel or volunteers to provide an appropriate manual wheelchair and cushion for children and adults who need additional postural support to sit upright. The main purpose of this training package is to:
increase the number of wheelchair users who receive a wheelchair which meets their needs;
increase the number of personnel trained in intermediate level wheelchair service delivery;
improve the competencies of wheelchair service delivery personnel;
increase the quality of wheelchair service delivery for people who need a comparatively higher level of intervention than basic level;
include this training package in regular paramedical/rehabilitation training programmes;
achieve greater integration of wheelchair service delivery within rehabilitation services.
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This monograph presents 12 reports of successful programs serving children with special needs in various nations. The program locations and the program report titles and authors are as follows: (1) Austria: "Integration Models for Elementary and Secondary Schools in Austria" (Volker Rutte)...; (2) China: "Integrated Education Project, Anhui Province" (Janet C. Holdsworth); (3) Ghana: "The Community-Based Rehabilitation Programme in Ghana" (Lawrence Ofori-Addo); (4) Guyana: "Involvement of Volunteers, Parents and Community Members with Children with Special Needs" (Brian O'Toole); (5) India: "Teacher Development Initiative To Meet Special Needs in the Classroom" (N. K. Jangira and Anupam Ahuja); (6) Jamaica: "Early Intervention and Education Initiatives in Rural Areas" (M. J. Thorburn); (7) Jordan: "The Role of Institutions in Community-based Rehabilitation and in Community-based Special Education" (Andrew L. de Carpentier); (8) Jordan: "The Resource Room at the Amman National School" (Hala T. Ibrahim); (9) Netherlands: "Individual Integration of Children with Down's Syndrome in Ordinary Schools" (Trijntje de Wit-Gosker); (10) Norway: "In Harmony We Learn" (Marna Moe); (11) International: "INITIATIVES for Deaf Education in the Third World" (Andrew L. de Carpentier); and (12) Sri Lanka: "The Integrated Education of Visually Impaired Children in Sri Lanka" (B. L. Rajapakse).
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Children malnutrition eradication in developing countries is a real challenge, especially among
vulnerable population. There are so many effort towards women (who are the main care providers)
socio-economic situation in order to improve their children nutrition. This article aims to identify the
...impact of mothers’ activities on child nutrition and care. Interviews were used to collect data from
mothers of children less than 5 years old. Pearson correlation test and regression models were
performed to highlight relation and to identify the main factors that affect child nutrition and care. The
nutritional statuses of children show a high prevalence of underweight (38.46%), emaciation (25.17%)
and stunting (23.77%). Statistic results show that a child whose mother has food processing as main
activity has 2,322 more times to not suffer from emaciation malnutrition compared to a child whose
mother has trade as main activity. A child whose mother has high revenue has 1.463 more times to
not be suffering from stunting malnutrition compared to a child whose mother has lower revenue. A
child whose father has fishing as main activity has 8,4 more chance to not be suffering from stunting
malnutrition compared to a child whose father has another activity as main activity. A child whose
father is present in the household has 8.11 more chance to not suffer from stunting malnutrition
compared to a child whose father is absent. A child from mother who has food processing as main
activity is 2,464 more times preserved from fever compared to a child from mother whose main activity
is trade. Moreover child position, child feeding with porridge, child nursing are correlated with mother
activity. This situation is justified by the fact that mother need money to improve child nutrition and
health but they are also confronted to the fact that those activity that provide significant money are
sometime time consuming and not permit to take care of children in term of feeding practices, hygiene
control etc. Therefore it is important that intervention towards women take in consideration those
factors (money and time) but also the family in the whole.
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National Child Traumatic Stress Network National Center for PTSD | The field of school safety and emergency management has evolved significantly over the past decade. Tragically, acts of violence, natural disasters, and terrorist attacks have taught us many lessons. We also know that other types of ...emergencies can impact schools, including medical emergencies, transportation accidents, sports injuries, peer victimization, public health emergencies, and the sudden death of a member of the school community. We now recognize the need for school emergency management plans that are up-to-date and take an “all-hazards” approach with clear communication channels and procedures that effectively reunite parents and caregivers with students. We have also learned that preparing school administrators, teachers, and school partnering agencies before a critical event is crucial for effective response, the value of ongoing training and emergency exercises, and that having intervention models that address the public health, mental health, and psychosocial needs of students and staff is essential to a safe school environment and the resumption of learning.
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L’enquête ENPS 2016 avait pour objectif de mesurer la situation des indicateurs d’accessibilité et d’utilisation des moyens préventifs et curatifs définis dans le cadre des directives du PNLP au Sénégal. Elle entre dans le cadre de l’évaluation périodique du niveau de réalisation de...s objectifs et des résultats attendus à partir de données du terrain afin d’adapter continuellement les décisions aux réalités du terrain. En particulier, cette étude s’est intéressée à documenter la situation des indicateurs de couverture et d’utilisation des différentes interventions de lutte contre le paludisme. En particulier, la couverture et l’utilisation ou exposition des moyens préventifs (MI, TPI chez la femme enceinte, AID et CPS dans les zones ciblées) ont été documentés ainsi que les types et modalités de la prise en charge des cas de fièvre chez l’enfant et la femme enceinte. Par ailleurs, ces indicateurs ont été renseignés en tenant compte des variations régionales, de districts et du milieu de résidence (urbain et rural). L’analyse a aussi tenu compte des variations liées aux faciès épidémiologiques et des zones d’intervention couvertes par les différentes stratégies.
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Devant le nombre grandissant de personnes diagnostiquées d’un cancer et de décès qui y sont associés, les soins palliatifs gagnent en importance pour améliorer la qualité de vie et soutenir la personne et sa famille durant leurs expériences de santé. Dans ce contexte, l’intégration pré...coce des soins palliatifs aux soins oncologiques standards semble être une approche sous-utilisée et novatrice qui pourrait répondre aux besoins spécifiques de la clientèle oncologique palliative. Les infirmières en oncologie doivent assumer un rôle crucial en dispensant des soins tout au long de la trajectoire de la maladie, soins palliatifs compris. Le but de cette revue rapide est de synthétiser et présenter les avantages des interventions de soins palliatifs précoces et de décrire leurs caractéristiques. La recherche documentaire sur CINAHL et PubMed a fait ressortir cinq essais randomisés réalisés entre 2010 et 2018, qui ont été analysés. La majorité des études sélectionnées ont conclu que l’intégration précoce des soins palliatifs aux soins oncologiques standards, tels que la chimiothérapie et la radiothérapie, permettrait d’améliorer la qualité de vie, les symptômes anxiodépressifs et la survie globale. Mots-clés : soins palliatifs, soins palliatifs précoces, intervention, cancer, oncologie
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The Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ)1 was developed and validated to measure the primary clinical goal of asthma management as identified by international guidelines. They indicate that to achieve good control, treatment should minimise day and night time symptoms, activity limitation, airway narr...owing and rescue bronchodilator use and thus reduce the risk of life-threatening exacerbations and long-term morbidity. The importance of including all aspects of control in the assessment of individual patients was emphasised by a recent factor analysis which showed that clinical asthma is composed of distinct components which are not closely correlated with each other.6 However, in some studies it may not be possible to collect airway calibre or short-acting β2-agonists data. Previous analysis of non-clinical trial data suggested that when ACQ scores are analysed as group data, the heterogeneity of the way in which individual patients present with inadequate control is lost in the estimation of the mean and the need to measure each individual component of asthma control may become unnecessary. In this analysis, ACQ data from a clinical trial was used to evaluate the measurement properties (reliability, responsiveness, validity and interpretability), of three shortened versions of the ACQ. In addition, we have examined whether the precision and accuracy of estimating the effect of the intervention on asthma control was maintained when the two questions concerning airway calibre and short-acting β2-agonists use were omitted from the trial analysis.
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The Epidemic Preparedness and Response Plan for Cholera in Syria (November 2015) outlines strategies to prevent, detect, and manage cholera outbreaks in the country, where poor water and sanitation conditions, displacement, and damaged healthcare infrastructure increase the risk of disease spread. T...he plan aims to reduce morbidity and mortality through early detection, rapid response, and coordinated interventions. It is divided into four key phases: the Pre-Epidemic Phase, which includes risk assessment, resource mapping, stockpiling medical supplies, training health workers, and raising community awareness; the Alert Phase, which focuses on surveillance, laboratory confirmation, and mobilization of rapid response teams; the Epidemic Phase, which involves case management, infection control, environmental measures such as water chlorination and improved sanitation, and public awareness campaigns; and the Post-Epidemic Phase, which evaluates the response effectiveness and identifies lessons to improve future preparedness. The plan emphasizes multi-sectoral coordination, strengthening health surveillance, and ensuring timely intervention to control and prevent cholera outbreaks in vulnerable communities.
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Las geohelmintiasis son una de las parasitosis más comunes en el mundo, y se estima que 1500 millones de personas, el 24 % de la población mundial, están infestadas. Estas infestaciones afectan a las comunidades más pobres y desfavorecidas de zonas tropicales y subtropicales con un acceso defici...ente a servicios de agua limpia, saneamiento e higiene, y la prevalencia más alta se ha notificado en el África subsahariana, China, América del Sur y Asia. Las geohelmintiasis transmiten a través de los huevos de los parásitos eliminados con las heces fecales de las personas infestadas, que, a su vez, contaminan el suelo en zonas donde el saneamiento es deficiente. Más de 260 millones de niños en edad preescolar, 654 millones de niños en edad escolar, 108 millones de niñas adolescentes y 138,8 millones de embarazadas y madres lactantes viven en zonas donde la transmisión de esos parásitos es intensa y, por esa razón, necesitan tratamientos e intervenciones preventivas.
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En los últimos decenios, el estado general de salud de las personas ha mejorado considerablemente, lo que ha llevado a un aumento de la esperanza de vida al nacer en la mayor parte de los países de la Región de las Américas. Este progreso ha sido el resultado tanto de los avances en las tecnolog...ías sanitarias (antibióticos, vacunas y otros tipos de tratamiento) como de las mejoras en las condiciones en que viven las personas, incluido un mayor acceso al agua potable y el saneamiento mejorados, y a servicios de salud. Sin embargo, el progreso ha aminorado en los últimos años, y los logros han variado entre los países y territorios, así como dentro de ellos. En el camino hacia la salud universal, es esencial tener la capacidad para evaluar el progreso y darle seguimiento de acuerdo con el objetivo fundamental de los sistemas de salud, que es mejorar la salud y el bienestar de la población. Con ese fin, en esta edición de Salud en las Américas se analiza la tasa estandarizada de mortalidad prematura potencialmente evitable como indicador del desempeño de los sistemas de salud, teniendo en cuenta tanto el componente prevenible por medio de intervenciones intersectoriales y de salud pública como el componente tratable, relacionado con la efectividad de los servicios de salud, es decir, la calidad de la atención de salud.
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Adolescence, defined as the period between 10 and 19 years of age, is a developmental stage during which many psychosocial
and mental health challenges emerge (1). Studies show that 34.6% of all mental health disorders begin by 14 years of age and 62.5% by 25 years (2). More broadly, adolescents ar...e also navigating the transition to adulthood, exploring their autonomy and identity as they undergo rapid physical and social changes. In the context of
these significant developmental, physical and social shifts, mental health needs may increase, even for adolescents and young people with no diagnosis.
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The course aims to cover the types of NCDs and risk factors, the challenges of delivering NCD services in primary health care, elements of WHO technical packages (PEN and HEARTS) for NCDs and how to adapt these packages in primary health care.
SEARO NCD PEN-HEARTS is a series of four courses with... the other three courses focusing on NCDs interventions, diabetic foot care and palliative care that will enable the learner to plan and deliver NCD services.
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[Updated 2015]
Scoping question: What is the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions, including caregiver skills training, for emotional disorders in children and adolescents?
Cadre pour la planification, l'ebaoration et la mise en oeuvre de solutions avec et pour les jeunes e
A community-based approach.
These guidelines focus on manmade rather than natural disasters, but our experiences in India, El Salvador and Pakistan (earthquake interventions), and following the 2004 tsunami, cyclone Nargis in 2008 and the Haiti earthquake in 2010, showed that the principles describ...ed also work well in contexts of natural disasters.
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HCT response to El Nino drought response