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Publication Years
1
2820
5875
812
42
4
1
2
Category
4039
677
610
518
411
239
46
Toolboxes
909
782
478
389
312
291
267
263
245
245
229
158
147
136
119
103
101
96
89
87
81
67
59
53
35
5
3
Buruli ulcer is a chronic, progressive skin disease caused by infection with Mycobacterium ulcerans. It is currently considered to be one of the neglected tropical diseases; less common than tuberculosis but more common than leprosy. The initial lesion is a painless subcutaneous nodule, usually less
...
than 5 cm diameter and adherent to skin. The nodule typically breaks down centrally after days to weeks forming an ulcer with undermined edges. Thus, the external appearance of the ulcer underestimates the true size of the affected area. The patient remains well and there is no pain unless secondary bacterial infection occurs. Other forms of M. ulcerans disease include a firm plaque lesions that behaves in the same way as the nodule or an oedematous lesion that is more aggressive and extends rapidly resulting in a very large ulcer.
Any age group can be affected by Buruli ulcer diseases, but the incidence peaks at 5 to 15 years. Ulcers are most frequently on the limbs but can be on the trunk or head, sometimes with catastrophic consequences such as loss of sight or loss of breast or genital tissue. Healing close to a joint can result in contracture, and sometimes there is so much tissue destruction on a limb that amputation is unavoidable. Occasionally osteomyelitis occurs in bone adjacent to a skin lesion but involvement of other organs is rare. Disseminated disease with HIV has been reported.
more
L’enquête SMART Rapide a été réalisée dans la commune de Fada N’Gourma, chef-lieu de la province du Gourma dans la région de l’Est. C’est la commune de la région qui accueille le plus de personnes déplacées internes (PDI) depuis le début de la crise sécuritaire (85 574 PDIs à la
...
date du 30 avril 2022)1 . Ces déplacées ont pour la plupart abandonnées leurs moyens d’existence et se retrouvent dans la précarité et sous l’assistance humanitaire et des populations hôtes.
La méthodologie SMART Rapide a été utilisé pour l’évaluation. Les secteurs/villages ont été sélectionnés par le logiciel ENA en utilisant la probabilité proportionnelle à la taille.
Quant aux ménages, ils ont été sélectionnés selon un processus de segmentation, d’échantillonnage aléatoire simple ou systématique. Les données ont été collectés du 13 au 15 juin 2022 par cinq équipes composées d’un chef d’équipe et d’un mesureur chacune. Les équipes ont été supervisées durant la collecte par des superviseurs. Les paramètres collectés étaient l’âge, le sexe, le poids, la taille, le périmètre brachial et la présence des œdèmes. Quatre grappes ont été inaccessibles due aux problèmes sécuritaires.
Au total, 24 grappes (avec l’utilisation des grappes de réserve), 235 ménages et 356 enfants ont été couverts. Les résultats montrent une prévalence de la malnutrition aiguë globale de 15,2% (11,2%-20,2%) selon le rapport poids/taille et 7,8% (5,0%-11,9%) selon le périmètre brachial. La malnutrition aiguë globale combinée est de 16,9% (12,9%-22,0%).
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The WHO estimates that 19 million children aged 15 years or younger are visually impaired. Of these, 1.4 million are irreversibly blind and need visual rehabilitation interventions for full psychological and personal development. The remainder have visual problems that could be prevented or treated.
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Identifying children with visual problems early in life so that they can benefit from medical and optical interventions remains a key challenge for most child eye health programmes. Reports from various low-and middle-income countries indicate that the age of children undergoing operation for cataract is frequently too high to achieve maximum benefit.
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States have committed and assumed obligations to address multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination against refugees, internally displaced persons, asylum seekers, returnees and stateless persons. The Global Compact on Refugees places ending discrimination of any kind based on the grounds of
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race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth, disability, age, or other status at the centre of action to prevent displacement and to ensure peaceful coexistence between refugee and host communities. Narratives about cultural diversity and inclusion are important, but there is also a pressing need in many societies for conversations and action to address racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance.
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Schistosomiasis is a public health problem in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, the Caribbean and South America. It is one of the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) - a group of diseases and conditions that affect particularly low-income populations, worldwide.
Last year, WHO laun
...
ched a new road map for 2021-2030 that aims to end the suffering from NTDs by 2030, in line with the Sustainable Development Goals. The road map specifically targets the elimination of schistosomiasis as a public health problem, globally.
This guideline provides evidence-based recommendations in the following areas: prevalence thresholds, target age groups and frequency of PC, establishment of WASH and snail control activities to support control and elimination of schistosomiasis, diagnostic tests for the assessment of schistosomiasis infection in animal reservoirs, in snail hosts, and in humans.
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Les pays progressent vers la réalisation de l’objectif mondial tendant à ce que, d’ici 2025, 95 pour cent des personnes qui vivent avec le VIH connaissent leur statut sérologique. Cependant, en 2020, on estimait encore à 6 millions le nombre de personnes séropositives non diagnostiquées da
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ns le monde. Les hommes vivant dans des lieux où la prévalence du VIH est élevée et les hommes appartenant aux populations clés, tous lieux confondus, ont moins de chances de connaître leur séropositivité que les femmes. Ainsi, au niveau mondial, 78 pour cent des hommes de plus de 15 ans connaissent leur statut sérologique, contre 86 pour cent chez les femmes de cette même tranche d’âge.
more
Les pays progressent vers la réalisation de l’objectif mondial tendant à ce que, d’ici 2025, 95 pour cent des personnes qui vivent avec le VIH connaissent leur statut sérologique. Cependant, en 2020, on estimait encore à 6 millions le nombre de personnes séropositives non diagnostiquées da
...
ns le monde. Les hommes vivant dans des lieux où la prévalence du VIH est élevée et les hommes appartenant aux populations clés, tous lieux confondus, ont moins de chances de connaître leur séropositivité que les femmes. Ainsi, au niveau mondial, 78 pour cent des hommes de plus de 15 ans connaissent leur statut sérologique, contre 86 pour cent chez les femmes de cette même tranche d’âge.
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Mycetoma is a chronic infectious disease of the subcutaneous tissue with a high morbidity. This disease has been reported from countries between 30°N and 15°S since 1840 but the exact burden of disease is not known. It is currently unknown what the incidence, prevalence and the number of reported
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cases per year per country is. In order to estimate what the global burden of mycetoma is, a meta-analysis was performed. In total 50 studies were included, which resulted in a total of 8763 mycetoma cases. Most cases were found in men between 11 and 40 years of age. The foot was most commonly affected.
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Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in Children from a Rural Community Taking Part in a Periodic Deworming Program in the Peruvian Amazon
Errea, R.; Vasquez-Rios, G.; Calderon, M.;
The American Jornal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
(2019)
CC
Infections by the soil-transmitted helminths (STH), including Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Ancylostoma duodenale/Necator americanus (hookworms), and Strongyloides stercoralis, disproportionately affect children around the world. Because of their transmission associated with poor sanita
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ry conditions and inadequate hygiene practices, higher burden of disease is seen in children from developing countries from sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and Latin America. Approximately 267 million preschool-age children (PSAC) and 568 million school-age children (SAC) worldwide are at risk of STH infection as well as impaired child growth and cognitive development from A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura, and hookworm infections, and death due to severe S. stercoralis infection. Thus, their control is a global health priority.
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Rabies is a vaccine-preventable, zoonotic, viral disease affecting the central nervous system. Once clinical symptoms appear, rabies is virtually 100% fatal. In up to 99% of cases, domestic dogs are responsible for rabies virus transmission to humans. Yet, rabies can affect both domestic and wild an
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imals. It spreads to people and animals via saliva, usually through bites, scratches or direct contact with mucosa (e.g. eyes, mouth or open wounds). Children between the age of 5 and 14 years are frequent victims.
more
Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) affect 1.45 billion people worldwide, and high intensity infections are associated with anemia, undernutrition and impaired cognition, particularly among children. Mathematical models suggest it may be possible to interrupt the transmission of STH in a community by e
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xpanding mass drug administration (MDA) from targeted high-risk groups (primarily school-aged children and women of child-bearing age) to all community members with high coverage. The DeWorm3 Project will test the feasibility of this approach to interrupting the transmission of STH using a series of cluster randomized trials in Benin, India and Malawi. Each study area (population 80,000) will be divided into 40 clusters and randomized to community-wide or standard-of-care targeted MDA for three years. Two years following the final round of MDA, prevalence of STH will be compared between arms and transmission interruption assessed in each cluster. The DeWorm3 trials will provide stakeholders with information regarding the potential to switch from STH control to a more ambitious and sustainable strategy.
more
Rabies is a viral infection of wild and domestic mammals, transmitted to humans by the saliva of infected animals through bites, scratches or licks on broken skin or mucous membranes.
In endemic areas (Africa and Asia), 99% of cases are due to dog bites and 40% of cases are children under 15 years
...
of age.
Before symptoms develop, rabies can effectively be prevented by post-exposure prophylaxis.
Once symptoms develop, rabies is fatal. There is no curative treatment; care is palliative.
more
Improving the survival chances and quality of life of women, newborns, and children remains an urgent global challenge. Since 2012, substantial progress has been made in reducing maternal and under-5 deaths, and a only handful of countries are on target to meet the SDG targets in 2030. Yet, 5 millio
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n children still die each year under the age of 5, and nearly half of those are newborns less than a month old. Worse still, the global maternal mortality ratio is going in the wrong direction.
A Decade of Progress and Action for the Future will examine the tenacity and innovation that helped us make gains, the lessons learned through monitoring, country-led adaptation and leadership, analysis, and reflection, as well as the approaches we must take to reinvigorate the momentum and global commitment to improving maternal and child survival. Increasing coverage, strengthening the quality of care, and enhancing equity will be tantamount to our global progress.
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Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are among the most common infections worldwide with an estimated 1.5 billion infected people or 24% of the world’s population. These infections affect the poorest and most deprived communities with poor access to clean water, sanitation and hygiene in tro
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pical and subtropical areas, with the highest prevalence reported from sub-Saharan Africa, China, South America and Asia. They are transmitted by eggs present in human faeces, which in turn contaminate soil in areas where sanitation is poor. Over 260 million preschool-age children, 654 million school-age children,108 million adolescent girls and 138.8 million pregnant and lactating women live in areas where these parasites are intensively transmitted, and are in need of treatment and preventive interventions.
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Les géohelminthiases comptent parmi les infections les plus courantes dans le monde, plus de 1,5 milliard de personnes, soit près de 24 % de la population mondiale, étant infestées à l’échelle mondiale. Ces infections touchent les communautés les plus pauvres et les plus défavorisées ayan
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t un accès limité à l’eau potable, à l’assainissement et à l’hygiène dans les régions tropicales et subtropicales, la plus forte prévalence étant recensée en Afrique subsaharienne, en Chine, en Amérique du Sud et en Asie. Elles se transmettent par des œufs présents dans les excréments humains, qui contaminent les sols là où les conditions d’assainissement sont insuffisantes. Plus de 260 millions d’enfants d’âge préscolaire, 654 millions d’enfants d’âge scolaire, 108 millions d’adolescentes et 138,8 millions de femmes enceintes ou allaitantes vivent dans des zones où il existe une transmission à grande échelle de ces parasites et nécessitent un traitement et la mise en place de mesures préventives.
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Il y a de nombreux événements qui nous déstabilisent
mais que nous gérons malgré tout. Parfois cependant,
certaines personnes vivent des choses si terribles que
ces situations les poursuivent encore longtemps après
et perturbent leur santé psychique. Il peut alors s’agir
d’un trouble
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de stress post-traumatique (TSPT, également appelé état ou syndrome de stress post-traumatique). C’est une maladie psychique qui peut survenir à
n’importe quel âge. Nous vous informons ci-après sur
le TSPT chez l’adulte et sur les possibilités de
traitement.
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With sustained economic growth in many parts of the developing world, an increasing number of countries are transitioning away from the most subsidized development finance as they exceed income and other qualification requirements. Cross-country evidence suggests that Development Assistance Committe
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e (DAC) donors view the crossing over of the World Bank’s International Development Association (IDA) eligibility threshold to signal that a country needs less aid, with subsequent reductions in both IDA and other donors’ concessional funding. Within the health sector, it is particularly important to understand the implications of these status changes for children under five years of age since improving early childhood health is critical to fostering health and social and economic development. Therefore, we examine the implications of the IDA transition by measuring the extent t which World Bank commitments—including both IDA and IBRD—are directed to infant and child health needs in Nigeria. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) models were used in a difference-indifferences (DID) strategy to compare World Bank IBRD/IDA lending before and after the crossover to regions with varying initial levels of under-five and infant need.
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The environment in which young people live, learn and play significantly affects their decisions about whether to consume alcohol. Environmental factors are the main risk factors driving alcohol consumption and related harm among young people. Environments that normalize alcohol consumption – term
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ed alcogenic environments – include contexts with unregulated advertising and marketing of alcoholic beverages, higher alcohol outlet density, products designed to facilitate affordability and low prices of alcoholic beverages. A recent body of research evidence has emerged related to the measurement, functional significance and consequences of living in alcogenic environments. This includes findings on the complex and bidirectional interactions among alcohol acceptability, availability and affordability and how they create and perpetuate alcogenic environments. Comprehensive and enforced alcohol control policies are effective at delaying the age of onset and lowering alcohol prevalence and frequency among young people. Evidence consistently confirms the effectiveness of designing and implementing alcohol control policies that regulate upstream the drivers of alcogenic environment, including alcohol availability, acceptability and affordability. These policies need to be multipronged and address the complex interactions between these drivers and the local alcohol culture
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Prompt, effective antimalarial treatment, and supportive care can substantially reduce the rate of mortality from severe malaria. However, many children in malaria-endemic countries do not have access to health facilities or a qualified health care provider and do not receive the necessary care in a
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timely fashion. Without rapid detection of danger signs and access to effective treatment, including pre-referral treatment that can be administered in the community level, many of these children with severe malaria die.
In situations where there is no immediate access to a health care facility, WHO recommends the administration of a standard dose of an effective antimalarial medicine as pre-referral treatment before referral to a facility at which complete treatment can be administered.
Rectal artesunate is the WHO-recommended pre-referral intervention in situations where artesunate injection are not feasible for children under the age of 6 years with suspected severe malaria. The intervention reduces the risk of death or permanent disability by up to 50% provided the child is referred to a health facility at which complete treatment can be administered.
This field guide is aimed at supporting the effective deployment of RAS as pre-referral treatment of suspected severe malaria in line with the WHO malaria guidelines.
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Pregnancy and childbirth during adolescence profoundly affects the lives of millions of girls worldwide, and is a leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity, and infant and child mortality. Every year, an estimated 21 million girls aged 15–19 years old in low- and middle-income countries be
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come pregnant, and approximately 12 million give birth.
For many adolescent girls, the ability to control their sexual lives remains limited. Long-standing gender inequalities and discrimination, marginalization, harmful social and gender norms, and denial of rights, compounded by poverty and violence, render them vulnerable to early pregnancy, HIV and other health threats. Lack of age-appropriate sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) information and services create additional barriers to care and support; as a result, adolescent girls who become pregnant are much more likely to go on to have rapid repeated births.
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