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There is growing understanding and high-level endorsement of the importance of strong collaborative multisectoral approaches to address a broad range of
...
social, economic and governance issues for the prevention and control of noncommunicable disease (NCDs) and mental health conditions. In 2019, World Health Organization (WHO) Member States requested the WHO Director-General to provide an analysis across countries of successful approaches for the prevention and control of NCDs that used multisectoral action.This report describes the experiences of different countries, areas and territories in implementing multisectoral actions to tackle NCDs and is the first step to address their request for an analysis of such efforts
more
Socioeconomic status is associated with differences in risk factors for cardiovascular disease incidence and outcomes, including mortality. However, it is unclear whether the associations between cardiovascular disease and common measures of socioec
...
onomic status—wealth and education—differ among high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries, and, if so, why these differences exist. We explored the association between education and household wealth and cardiovascular disease and mortality to assess which marker is the stronger predictor of outcomes, and examined whether any differences in cardiovascular disease by socioeconomic status parallel differences in risk factor levels or differences in management.
more
Background
Low- and middle-income countries now experience the highest prevalence and mortality rates of cardiovascular disease.
Main text
While improving the availability and delivery of prove
...
n, effective therapies will no doubt mitigate this burden, we posit that studies evaluating cardiovascular disease risk factors, management strategies and service delivery, in diverse settings and diverse populations, are equally critical to improving outcomes in low- and middle-income countries. Focusing on examples drawn from four cardiovascular diseases — coronary artery disease, stroke, diabetes and kidney disease — we argue that ethnicity, culture and context matter in determining the risk factors for disease as well as the comparative effectiveness of medications and other interventions, particularly diet and lifestyle interventions.
Conclusion
We believe that a host of cohort studies and randomized control trials currently being conducted or planned in low- and middle-income countries, focusing on previously understudied race/ethnic groups, have the potential to increase knowledge about the cause(s) and management of cardiovascular diseases across the world.
more
Obesity and diabetes are affecting the peoples of the Americas at high and increasing rates. National surveys demonstrate that obesity is increasing in prevalence among all age groups; 7% to 12% of
...
children under 5 years old and
one-fi fth of adolescents are obese, while rates of overweight and obesity among adults approach 60%. Obesity is the major modifi able risk factor for diabetes.
more
The Public Health Burden of Secondhand Exposure to Commercial Tobacco Smoke Secondhand smoke, the combination of smoke from burning commercial tobacco* products and the smoke breathed out by a perso
...
n who is smoking, is deadly.
more
Smallpox eradication was certified in 1980. Mpox has been endemic in Central and West African countries since it was first detected in 1958 . It is a zoonosis; cases are often found close to tropical rainforests where various animals carry the orthopoxvirus that causes the disease. In endemic countr
...
ies, most mpox infections in humans result from a primary animal-to-human transmission. Human-to-human transmission can result from close contact with respiratory secretions, skin lesions of an infected person, or recently contaminated objects. Transmission can also occur via the placenta from mother to fetus or through close contact during and after birth.
more
On 14 August 2024, the Director-General of the World Health Organization determined that the upsurge of mpox in a growing number of countries in Af
...
rica constitutes a new public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) under the International Health Regulations (IHR) (2005)
more
In 2022, Namibia had an estimated population of 2.6 million people, where 51 per cent per cent are females and 52.5 per cent of households in urban areas, with fast-growing urban informal settlement
...
s which lack access to basic services. Namibia has a young population; 42 per cent are children (0-17 years), 13 per cent are under-five, per cent and 19 per cent are aged 15 to 24 years. With the right investment on children and youth, this represents an opportunity for a demographic dividend.
more
Every day, schools engage in numerous activities that help promote the health and well-being of students, families, and communities. There is clear evidence of the benefits
...
of the health-promoting schools (HPS) approach, not only for improving overall health outcomes (physical, mental, and social) in the educational community but also for achieving better learning outcomes. The closure of schools during the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted these benefits, as well as the close links between health, wellness, and education.
more
The present guidelines incorporate all these changes, leading to a substantial reconfiguration of therapeutic choices for both disease forms.
HAT is a serious, life-threatening disease and the efficacy of
...
fexinidazole depends on swallowing the medicine after an appropriate intake of food as well as on completing the full 10-day treatment schedule. Therefore, the recommendations regarding fexinidazole administration are considered key elements that must be carefully followed. When the conditions listed in these guidelines are not met for any individual patient, the alternative available treatments should be prescribed.
more
Indoor residual spraying (IRS) involves applying residual insecticide to potential vector resting sites on the interior surfaces of human dwellings or other buildings. The main aim of IRS is to kill
...
vectors before they are able to transmit pathogens to humans. When carried out correctly, IRS has historically been shown to be a powerful intervention to reduce adult vector density and longevity for mosquitoes, sand flies and triatomine bugs and can reduce the transmission of vector-borne diseases.
more
One approach to development assistance for health, or health aid, emphasizes the ex ante selection of cost-effective health interventions, an approach that began with the World Development Report (1993) on Investing in Health and has since been adop
...
ted by the Effective Altruism community. But just how much of health aid is cost-effective? In this paper, we examine projects in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Creditor Reporting System, the standard dataset that measures and characterizes development assistance for health, for the
years 2019 to 2021, and count the number of projects that refer to interventions from a list of highly cost-effective interventions as defined by the Disease Control Priorities Project, third edition. This exploratory quantitative analysis indicates that 61% of projects used a key word/phrase of a costeffective intervention. There were 11.9 interventions mapped per project on average. There is little evidence that donors tailor the set of interventions to country income levels by cost-effectiveness.
Policymakers may benefit from reviewing the full portfolio of interventions covered by domestic and external resources.
more
This article provides an in-depth analysis of the Global Fund's strategic initiatives in resource mobilization and recovery amid global economic fluctuations and geopolitical challenges. It highlights the Fund's successful conversion
...
of pledges and innovative financing models that ensure sustainable funding for combating HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria. The discussion extends to the Fund's rigorous recovery processes and advocacy efforts to bolster its visibility on international platforms. Additionally, it explores the impact of economic constraints on health funding and the potential of emerging markets and technologies. Performance metrics and health impact assessments underscore the Global Fund's critical role in advancing global health objectives. This analysis offers stakeholders valuable insights into the complexities of global health financing and the Global Fund's adaptive strategies in response.
more
For this report, the Task Force commissioned
additional background papers on health taxes to
update the evidence, assess short-term revenue
potential, and understand the role of health taxes
in the current era
...
of multiple crises. We find that
health taxes continue to be underutilized despite the
powerful impact they have in reducing preventable
death and disease — a particularly glaring act of
neglect in a world that has experienced a massive
pandemic.
more
Relapsing malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax parasites poses a significant challenge to global malaria elimination efforts. About one third of the population remains at risk of contracting P. vivax
...
malaria, and 85% of P. vivax infections stem from reactivated latent parasites, leading to chronic anaemia and increased morbidity and mortality. In addition to diagnostic tools that can detect the acute, blood-stage of P. vivax, new tools are needed to detect the dormant infections before they reactivate and contribute to morbidity and onwards transmission
more
Fragile Beginnings. The Fragile Beginnings series examines the growing body of research on the unique vulnerabilities of children: in utero and at birth, during infancy and childhood and throughout
...
adolescence. Its purpose is to enable evidence-based advocacy and action on children’s environmental health
more
WHO guidelines for clinical management of arboviral diseases: dengue, chikungunya, Zika and yellow fever
recommended
The new WHO guidelines provide clinical management recommendations for four of the most widespread arboviruses affecting humans: dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and yellow fever.
An integrated approach is vital, as these four diseases often present wi
...
th similar symptoms, especially in the early stages of infection, and multiple arboviruses may circulate simultaneously in certain regions. This makes clinical differentiation challenging, particularly where diagnostic testing is not readily available.
This guideline is available in online format on the MAGICapp platform
more
Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents With HIV
recommended
Panel on Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents With HIV
ClinicalInfo.gov
(2025)
C_CDC
The Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and
Adolescents With HIV document is published in an electronic format and updated as relevant changes
in prevention and treatment recommendations occur.
These 2025 guidelines respond to the need for better approaches to identify advanced HIV disease, improve the poor outcomes of people living with HIV being discharged from hospital and provide updated guidance for treatment for Kaposi’s sarcoma th
...
rough evidence-informed recommendations. The publication contains recommendations that are from previously published WHO guidelines documents on advanced HIV disease and introduces new recommendations that were developed in 2025.
more
