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Infrastructure, policy and regulatory interventions to increase physical activity to prevent cardiovascular diseases and diabetes: a systematic review

Durão, S.; Burns, J.; Schmidt, B. et al. BMC Public Health (2023) CC

Background Noncommunicable diseases are major contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Modifying the risk factors for these conditions, such as physical inactivity, is thus essential. Addressing the context or circumstances in which physical activity occurs may promote physical activity a...t a population level. We assessed the effects of infrastructure, policy or regulatory interventions for increasing physical activity. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase and clinicaltrials.gov to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs), controlled before-after (CBAs) studies, and interrupted time series (ITS) studies assessing population-level infrastructure or policy and regulatory interventions to increase physical activity. We were interested in the effects of these interventions on physical activity, body weight and related measures, blood pressure, and CVD and type 2 diabetes morbidity and mortality, and on other secondary outcomes. Screening and data extraction was done in duplicate, with risk of bias was using an adapted Cochrane risk of bias tool. Due to high levels of heterogeneity, we synthesised the evidence based on effect direction. Results We included 33 studies, mostly conducted in high-income countries. Of these, 13 assessed infrastructure changes to green or other spaces to promote physical activity and 18 infrastructure changes to promote active transport. The effects of identified interventions on physical activity, body weight and blood pressure varied across studies (very low certainty evidence); thus, we remain very uncertain about the effects of these interventions. Two studies assessed the effects of policy and regulatory interventions; one provided free access to physical activity facilities and showed that it may have beneficial effects on physical activity (low certainty evidence). The other provided free bus travel for youth, with intervention effects varying across studies (very low certainty evidence). Conclusions Evidence from 33 studies assessing infrastructure, policy and regulatory interventions for increasing physical activity showed varying results. The certainty of the evidence was mostly very low, due to study designs included and inconsistent findings between studies. Despite this drawback, the evidence indicates that providing access to physical activity facilities may be beneficial; however this finding is based on only one study. Implementation of these interventions requires full consideration of contextual factors, especially in low resource settings. more

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Air pollution exposure—the (in)visible risk factor for respiratory diseases

Bălă, G.P.; Râjnoveanu, R.M.; Tudorache, E. et al. Environmental Science and Pollution Research (2021) CC

There is increasing interest in understanding the role of air pollution as one of the greatest threats to human health worldwide. Nine of 10 individuals breathe air with polluted compounds that have a great impact on lung tissue. The nature of the relationship is complex, and new or updated data are... more

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Strategic framework for collaboration on antimicrobial resistance

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO

Together for One Health. Building on the momentum of increased collaboration, the WHO, FAO, OIE and UNEP have developed a Strategic Framework for collaboration on antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This Framework reflects the joint work of the four organizations to advance a One Health response to AMR ... more

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Ethiopia: Humanitarian Response Situation Report No.15 (October 2017)

Government of Ethiopia, UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (2017) C1

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Developing health centres and hospital s indices for Syria, based on HeRAMS dataset 2014

World Health Organization (2017) C_WHO

This research paper uses the Health Resources and services Availability Mapping System (HeRAMS) database to develop two composite indices – one for health centres and one for hospitals – in order to analyse and assess the health facilities’ performance across time and to evaluate the di... more

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2015 Health Facility Assessment for Reproductive Health Commodities and Services

The Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Ministry of Health and Sports, Department of Medical Research, Department of Public Health, Department of Medical Services, UNFPA (2016) C1

The report is based on comprehensive information collected at representative sample health facilities all over the country by well-organized and trained teams during May and August 2015. This is a continuation of 2014 Assessment activities and findings also reflect comparison between two consecutive... more

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Why is mother to child transmission (MTCT) of HIV a continual threat to new-borns in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)

C. S. Yaha; E. Tambo Journal of Infection and Public Health; Elsevier; PubMed.gov (2019) C2

Journal of Infection and Public Health 12 (2019) 213–223

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Trastorno de personalidad límite en adolescentes

L. Cailhol; L. Gicquel; J.-P. Raynaud IACAPAP (2018) C2

Otros trastornos Capítulo H.4 Editores: Laura Borredá Belda, Matías Irarrázaval & Andres Martin Traductores: Sara Diego Castaño, Laura Álvarez Bravos, Rebeca Santonja & Beatriz Ortega

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Speaking Out - Toolkit for MSM-Led HIV/AIDS Advocacy

J. Ripley; K. Lauer; C. Leopold The Global Forum on MSM and HIV (MSMGF) (2013) C2

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Water, sanitation and hygiene in health care facilities: practical steps to achieve universal access to quality care

World Health Organization WHO; UNICEF (2019) C_WHO

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F2. Anxiete de Separation

Ana Figueroa, Cesar Soutullo, Yoshiro Ono & Kazuhiko Saito IACAPAP (2015) C1

Le trouble anxiété de séparation (TAS) représente environ la moitié de l’ensemble des troubles anxieux (Cartwright-Harton et al, 2006). La plupart des troubles anxieux pédiatriques présentent les mêmes critères diagnostics que chez l’adulte à l’exception du TAS, actuellement class... more

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Water safety plan manual: step-by-step risk management for drinking-water suppliers, 2nd ed

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

Safe drinking-water management must consider drinking-water quality, acceptability and quantity in the context of public health protection. In this manual, the term “safety” encompasses these three elements. Although the principles in this manual can be broadly applied to all types of drinking-w... more

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The twin epidemics: Prevalence of TB/HIV co- infection and its associated factors in Ethiopia; A systematic review and meta-analysis

B. Tesfaye; A. Alebel; A. Gebrie; et al. PLOS One (2018) CC

PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203986 October 3, 2018

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Listeriosis: Clinical recommendations for diagnosis and treatment

Dept. of Health, Republic of South Africa (2017) C1

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Strategy and plan of action on epilepsy

Pan American Health Organisation (PAHO) World Health Organization (WHO) (2011) C_WHO

Epilepsy is one of the world’s most common chronic neurological disorders. Roughly 50 million people suffer from it, 5 million of them in the Region of the Americas . Nevertheless, it is estimated that over 50% of these people in Latin America and the Caribbean have no access to services. Furthe... more

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Indian Foods: AAPI's guide to nutrition, health and diabetes

Ranjita Misra Allied Publishers Private LTD. (2011) C2

2nd edition

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Second-Line Antituberculosis Drugs in Children: A Commissioned Review for the World Health Organization 19th Expert Committee on the Selection and Use of Essential Medicines

Malgosia Grzemska, Elizabeth Mathai World Health Organization WHO (2013)

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Toolkit for the Integration of Mental Health into General Healthcare in Humanitarian Settings

International Medical Corps (2019) C1

This Toolkit aims to support the understanding and implementation of integrated mental health programs in humanitarian settings. It provides a framework for essential steps and components, with associated key guidance and resources, that strengthen the integration process, and is primarily intended ... more

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World Report on Vision

World Health Organization WHO (2019) C_WHO

At present at least 2.2 billion people around the world have a vision impairment, of whom at least 1 billion have a vision impairment that could have been prevented or is yet to be addressed. The world faces considerable challenges in terms of eye care, including inequalities in the coverage and qua... more

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National Guideline on conducting Patient Experience of Care Survey in Public Health Establishments

Dept. of Health South Africa (2017) C2