The Road to Recovery. This synthesis report is based on three national studies on the evolution of the Ebola epidemic and its impact on Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone
Este documento traz recomendações para a implementação de planos operacionais em redes de serviços de saúde, tanto na atenção primária (incluindo assistência domiciliar) quanto em hospitais, para reorganizar a entrega dos serviços e ganhar eficiência na gestão e expansão da oferta de l...eitos, considerando a complexidade crescente dos casos. Essas recomendações concentram-se na gestão dos serviços de saúde para reorganizar e expandir a resposta desses serviços de acordo com a evolução da epidemia. Este documento de trabalho será atualizado na medida em que novos conhecimentos e evidências em relação ao SAR-Cov2 forem disponibilizados, e as recomendações fornecidas devem ser adaptadas para a realidade de cada país, considerando-se as características do respectivo sistema de saúde.
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Las olas de transmisión de la fiebre amarilla ocurridas en la Región de las Américas entre el 2016 y el 2018 causaron el mayor número de casos humanos y epizoóticos registrados en varios decenios. La fiebre amarilla es una enfermedad hemorrágica viral grave que representa un desafío para el p...rofesional de salud: exige el reconocimiento temprano de signos y síntomas muchas veces inespecíficos, que pueden parecerse a otros síndromes febriles agudos. La detección temprana de los casos sospechosos o confirmados, el monitoreo de los signos vitales y las medidas de soporte vital, y el tratamiento de la insuficiencia hepática aguda siguen siendo las estrategias recomendadas para el manejo de los casos. El presente informe es el resultado de las deliberaciones sobre la experiencia de expertos de la Región en cuanto al manejo clínico de pacientes con fiebre amarilla, especialmente en brotes y epidemias, mediante la contextualización de esa experiencia en el conjunto actual de la evidencia médico-científica y la consideración de las directrices técnicas ya disponibles en los países de la Región. Presenta flujogramas para la evaluación inicial del paciente con sospecha clínica de fiebre amarilla y sugiere un conjunto mínimo de pruebas de laboratorio que puede ser útil cuando hay pocos recursos; además, detalla aspectos de la organización de los sistemas de salud para enfrentar brotes y epidemias de fiebre amarilla.
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Esta publicación integra la experiencia acumulada de la OPS y las buenas prácticas desarrolladas por sus Estados Miembros en los últimos años, incluidas las discusiones y experiencias compartidas en las reuniones regionales celebradas sobre el tema, y pone el acento en la innovación y la inclus...ión social. Esto requiere cambiar con urgencia los paradigmas tradicionales, partiendo de las acciones específicas que reducen gradualmente la incidencia de la TB para dirigirnos hacia acciones multisectoriales de eficacia demostrada en la contención rápida de la epidemia.
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4ª edição .
O objectivo deste Manual é proporcionar ferramentas padronizadas de saúde pública para a implementação de acções de prevenção, controlo e resposta a um surto de cólera e assim contribuir para a redução da morbimortalidade por esta doença.
Estas diretrizes são destinada...s a todos os profissionais de saúde que têm a responsabilidade de lidar com a cólera desde o nível nacional, as províncias e distritos, até ao nível de unidade sanitária. Inclusivamente, também é destinado as organizações não-governamentais e outros parceiros que apoiam o país nas actividades de resposta contra a cólera, e devem ser usadas para apoiar a elaboração de planos de preparação para a prevenção, controle e de resposta a uma epidemia de cólera.
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Este artículo analiza un grupo particularmente vulnerable a la pandemia de la COVID-2019: las personas privadas de libertad (PPLs). Con base en el análisis del Censo Carcelario de 2019, presentamos la situación actual de las PPLs y las condiciones de los establecimient...os penitenciarios de Bolivia, con énfasis en los aspectos que impactan en la salud. Posteriormente, identificamos los principales factores estructurales detrás de la mayor vulnerabilidad epidemiológica y sanitaria de las PPLs, no solo a la COVID-2019, sino a epidemias en general. Diferentes instituciones involucradas en el combate de la pandemia desarrollaron recomendaciones para su prevención y tratamiento en contextos carcelarios. Considerando estas recomendaciones y los datos de la situación de las PPLs de Bolivia, desarrollamos propuestas de reformas políticas y legales para reducir la vulnerabilidad epidemiológica de esta población. Argumentamos que, mientras algunas son sencillas de implementar, muchas se enfrentan a obstáculos estructurales para su ejecución, demandando reformas profundas en la política carcelaria y el sistema penal.
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Thousands of HIV-positive Venezuelans have been forced to leave the country, after facing discrimination and zero treatment options, according to UNAIDS.
Patients once received free ARV treatment under Venezuela’s National AIDS Program. In 2017, the country essentially ran out of ARVs—about 9 p...eople a day died from HIV-related illnesses that year.
“Today, HIV patients in Venezuela have three options: go untreated, buy the medication abroad or on the black market for large sums, or leave the country,” writes Gabriela Mesones Rojo.
The exodus of untreated Venezuelans could shift the course of the epidemic throughout the region.
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Panorama de la Salud: Latinoamérica y el Caribe 2020 presenta indicadores clave sobre la salud y los sistemas de salud en 33 países de Latinoamérica y el Caribe. Esta primera edición del Panorama de la Salud sobre Latinoamérica y el Caribe fue preparada en conjunto por la OCDE y el Banco Mundia...l. Los análisis se basan en los datos comparables más recientes de alrededor de 100 indicadores sobre equidad, situación de salud, determinantes de la salud, recursos y actividades, gasto y financiación, y calidad en la atención de salud. El editorial discute los principales desafíos para la región en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19, incluyendo tanto el manejo de la epidemia como la movilización y el uso eficiente de recursos para asegurar una respuesta efectiva
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El Plan Estratégico Colombia Hacia el Fin de la Tuberculosis, 2016 –2025 es un instrumento para la gestión de los programas en los nivelesnacional y local en su objetivo de respondera los compromisos adquiridos por los países, para adoptarla Estrategia Mundial Fin de la Tuberculosi...s. La Estrategia se suma a los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS),una de cuyas metas es el fin de las epidemias de malaria, VIH y tuberculosis para el 2030 (ODS 3). El Plan establece las metas a alcanzar por el Programa Nacional de Tuberculosis en el periodo 2016-2025, los objetivos y actividades para lograrlo y la forma para determinar que se ha logrado. El Plan permite guiar la toma de decisiones sobre la asignación de recursos, el establecimiento de prioridades y la definición de acciones. Para su elaboración se tomó como base la Estrategia Mundial Fin de la Tuberculosis,de la OMS y los componentes y procesos propuestos por la Guía Metodológica para la Construcción de Planes Estratégicos de la OMS.
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La meningitis es una enfermedad mortal y debilitante; golpea rápidamente, conlleva graves consecuencias sanitarias, económicas y sociales, y afecta a personas de todas las edades y en todos los países del mundo. La meningitis bacteriana puede provocar epidemias, ocasionar la muerte en 24 horas y ...dejar a una de cada cinco personas afectadas, con discapacidad permanente después de la infección. Muchos casos de meningitis y defunciones conexas son prevenibles mediante vacunación, pero los progresos para derrotar a la meningitis están rezagados respecto de otras enfermedades prevenibles mediante vacunación.
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En las Actuaciones esenciales en materia de género y de SIDA se detalla una serie de pasos y procesos para ayudar a los involucrados en los países a acelerar y ampliar la acción en materia de igualdad de género, con el fin de fortalecer las respuestas nacionales al SIDA, y se destaca la importan...cia de establecer prioridades de programas de género y de SIDA y el hecho de que esas prioridades variarán según la configuración de la epidemia en el país y de su contexto local.
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Este documento apresenta uma orientação provisória aos Estados Membros para uma rápida investigação de casos suspeitos de COVID-19 após um alerta ou sinal. Tem como propósito ser utilizada por autoridades de saúde locais, regionais ou nacionais como considerações para a investigação de ...casos de COVID-19. Não deve ser considerada como um guia abrangente para investigação do surto. Há orientações detalhadas disponíveis para a investigação de surto de outros patógenos respiratórios, incluindo o MERS-CoV e influenza. Maiores informações sobre a investigação de surto para a COVID-19 podem ser encontradas no OpenWHO website.Essa orientação pode ser implementada em diferentes países com vários recursos e padrões epidemiológicos e deve ser adaptada da forma mais adequada. Este documento tem como objetivo descrever os componentes específicos necessários para uma investigação. Ela é elaborada com base no conhecimento sobre a epidemia da COVID-19 e considerações semelhantes para outros patógenos respiratórios, incluindo o vírus MERS-CoV e influenza. A OMS continuará atualizando essas recomendações à medida que surgirem mais informações.
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For COVID-19, as for many infectious diseases, the true level of transmission is frequently underestimated because a substantial proportion of people with the infection are undetected either because they are asymptomatic or have only mild symptoms and thus typically fail to present at healthcare fac...ilities. There may also be neglected or under-served segments of the population who are less likely to access healthcare or testing. Under-detection of cases may be exacerbated during an epidemic, when testing capacity may be limited and restricted to people with severe cases and priority risk groups (such as frontline healthcare workers, elderly people and people with comorbidities). Cases may also be misdiagnosed and attributed to other diseases with similar clinical presentation, such as influenza.
Differences in mortality between groups of people and countries are important proxy indicators of relative risk of death that guide policy decisions regarding scarce medical resource allocation during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. This document is intended to help countries estimate CFR and, if possible, IFR, as appropriately and accurately as possible, while accounting for possible biases in their estimation
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In this course, you will learn about this virus and the sickness scientists call COVID-19. What is it, where did it come from, what might it mean for you?
This course was written to help people with low health and science literacy be more prepared for the COVID-19 epidemic. If you feel so incline...d, please share. The course is Creative Commons license with attribution, so feel free to re-use as you see fit.
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Human health and well-being are intimately linked to the state of the environment. Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), climate change, air pollution and exposure to hazardous chemicals are major causes of environment-related burden of disease across the world. In the WHO South-East Asia Region, al...most a quarter of all deaths are attributable to the health impacts of environmental hazards. Air pollution is the leading cause of deaths from environmental risks and is a leading contributor to the NCD epidemic.
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This regional technical guidance note was developed for the UNFPA Asia-Pacific Regional Office (APRO) and Asia-Pacific Country Offices to provide guidance on older persons, health workers, and caregivers in the contexts of COVID-19 to effectively support each member state and work with other partner...s in preparing for and responding to the COVID-19 epidemic.
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Antibiotics have been a critical public health tool since the discovery of Penicillin in 1928, saving the lives of millions of people around the world. In developing country like ours, where the burden of treatable disease is very high and access to health facilities and laboratories is difficult, a...ntibiotics have long acted as miracle drugs. Today, however, the emergence of drug
resistance in bacteria is reversing the miracles of the past eighty years, with drug choices for the treatment of many bacterial infections becoming increasingly limited, expensive, and in some cases, nonexistent. Diseases previously regarded as relatively easy to manage are much harder to treat as doctors must use “last-resort” drugs that are more costly, take longer to work
and are often unavailable or unaffordable in developing countries. Moreover, regular prescription of antibiotics, random treatment, over the counter sales, inadequate dosage, inclusion of antibiotics in animal feeds and agriculture has contributed equally to emergence of antibiotics resistance as silent epidemic within the country.
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The article "Can we prevent cardiovascular diseases in low- and middle-income countries?" by Claude Lenfant discusses the growing threat of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in developing countries. It highlights that while CVD is already the leading cause of death globally, low- and middle-income coun...tries are now facing rising CVD rates due to lifestyle changes associated with urbanization and economic growth. Lenfant advocates for a dual approach: identifying and treating high-risk individuals and promoting broad, population-wide prevention efforts focused on lifestyle changes such as reducing smoking, lowering salt intake, and increasing physical activity. He emphasizes that early, affordable preventive measures are essential to mitigate the impending CVD epidemic in these countries and prevent significant healthcare and economic strain.
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Healthy communities rely on well-functioning ecosystems. They provide clean air, fresh water, medicines and food security. They also limit disease and stabilize the climate. But biodiversity loss is happening at unprecedented rates, impacting human health worldwide, according to a new state of knowl...edge review of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and WHO.
The report synthesizes the available information on the most important inter-linkages between biodiversity, ecosystem stability, and epidemic infectious diseases such as the Ebola virus; and the connection between biodiversity, nutritional diversity and health. It also covers the potential benefits of closer partnerships between conservation and health, from improved surveillance of infectious diseases in wildlife and human populations, to promoting access to green spaces to promote physical activity and mental health. It also highlights the many areas in which further research is needed.
The Joint report hopes to provide a useful reference for the Sustainable Development Goals and post-2015 development agenda, which represents an unique opportunity to promote integrated approaches to biodiversity and health by highlighting that biodiversity contributes to human well-being, and highlighting that biodiversity needs protection for development to be sustainable.
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Due to Nepal’s difficult geographic structure, rapid urbanization, varied groundwater level, and increasing population the country is prone to earthquakes, floods, landslides, fires, lightning, hailstone, drought, epidemic, and other disasters. These disasters cause a huge
loss of li...fe and property every year.
In normal circumstances, persons with disabilities are at a higher risk than others. Hence, they may be more vulnerable and affected in an event of a disaster. Especially those with severe disabilities, women, children, and senior citizens are more at risk during disasters persons with disabilities must be kept at the forefront for disaster mitigation and
preparedness to protect them from disaster risk
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