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Infrastructure, policy and regulatory interventions to increase physical activity to prevent cardiovascular diseases and diabetes: a systematic review

Durão, S.; Burns, J.; Schmidt, B. et al. BMC Public Health (2023) CC

Background Noncommunicable diseases are major contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Modifying the risk factors for these conditions, such as physical inactivity, is thus essential. Addressing the context or circumstances in which physical activity occurs may promote physical activity a...t a population level. We assessed the effects of infrastructure, policy or regulatory interventions for increasing physical activity. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase and clinicaltrials.gov to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs), controlled before-after (CBAs) studies, and interrupted time series (ITS) studies assessing population-level infrastructure or policy and regulatory interventions to increase physical activity. We were interested in the effects of these interventions on physical activity, body weight and related measures, blood pressure, and CVD and type 2 diabetes morbidity and mortality, and on other secondary outcomes. Screening and data extraction was done in duplicate, with risk of bias was using an adapted Cochrane risk of bias tool. Due to high levels of heterogeneity, we synthesised the evidence based on effect direction. Results We included 33 studies, mostly conducted in high-income countries. Of these, 13 assessed infrastructure changes to green or other spaces to promote physical activity and 18 infrastructure changes to promote active transport. The effects of identified interventions on physical activity, body weight and blood pressure varied across studies (very low certainty evidence); thus, we remain very uncertain about the effects of these interventions. Two studies assessed the effects of policy and regulatory interventions; one provided free access to physical activity facilities and showed that it may have beneficial effects on physical activity (low certainty evidence). The other provided free bus travel for youth, with intervention effects varying across studies (very low certainty evidence). Conclusions Evidence from 33 studies assessing infrastructure, policy and regulatory interventions for increasing physical activity showed varying results. The certainty of the evidence was mostly very low, due to study designs included and inconsistent findings between studies. Despite this drawback, the evidence indicates that providing access to physical activity facilities may be beneficial; however this finding is based on only one study. Implementation of these interventions requires full consideration of contextual factors, especially in low resource settings. more

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National strategic Plan for the Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable diseases 2020-2025; South Africa National NCD Strategic Plan

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO

Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), including mental disorders, currently pose one of the biggest threats to health and development globally, particularly in low and middle income countries2. It is predicted that unless proven interventions are rapidly implemented in countries, in the short to medium ... more

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Toolkit for assessing health system capacity to manage large influxes of refugees, asylum-seekers and migrants

World Health Organization (WHO); Regional Office for Europe UNHCR; IOM (2016) C_WHO

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The Handbook on Gender-Responsive Police Services for Women and Girls Subject to Violence

UN Women UNODC (2021) CC

A new global Police Handbook aims to address some of the most difficult challenges that survivors of violence face when accessing police and justice sector services around the world.

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The Integrated Bio-Behavioral Survey (IBBS) in Syria: 2013-2014 - Final Report

Loulou Kobeissi Government of the Syrian Arab Republic, UN Development Programme (2015) CC

Strengthening HIV prevention among most-at-risk populations (MARPs) in the Syrian Arab Republic:

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Nigeria: National Drug Control Master Plan (NDCMP) 2015-2019

United Office of Drugs and Crime, National Coordinating Unit Nigeria (2015) C1

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NATIONAL FAMILY PLANNING GUIDELINES FOR SERVICE PROVIDERS

Division of Reproductive Health Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, Kenya (2010) C2

Updated to Reflect the 2009 Medical Eligibility Criteria of the World Health Organization

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Integrating palliative care and symptom relief into primary health care : WHO guide for planners, implementers and managers

World Health Organization WHO (2018) C_WHO

Inequality of access to palliative care and symptom relief is one of the greatest disparities in global health care (1). Currently, there is avoidable suffering on a massive scale due to lack of access to palliative care and symptom relief in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) (1). Yet basic p... more

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Gender, Konflikttransformation & der Psychosoziale Ansatz. Arbeitshilfe

DEZA Direktion für Entwicklung und Zusammenarbeit (2006) CC

Psychosoziale Arbeit und psychosoziale Ansätze haben in den letzten 10 Jahren in der internationalen Zusammenarbeit (IZ) immer stärkere Verbreitung gefunden. Es gibt heute kein Krisen- und Konfliktgebiet mehr, wo nicht auch über Trauma und über die emotionale Verfasstheit der Opfer gesprochen wi... more

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National Disability Mainstreaming Strategy and Implementation Plan (NDMS&IP) 2018-2023

Department of Disability and elderly affairs Ministry of Gender, Children, Disability and Social Welfare (2019) CC

The NDMS&IP focuses on mainstreaming disability to promote equitable access to services in the six thematic areas of health, education, livelihoods, empowerment, and social inclusion and cross-cutting issues. The first part of the NDMS&IP outlines incongruences between national and sectoral policie... more

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Status of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights in Zambia [Part 1]

Population Council, UNFPA, Government of Zambia Human Rights Commission, WLSA, and United Nations in Zambia (2017) C1

Contraception and Family Planning, Preventing Unsafe Abortion and Accessing Postabortion Care, and Maternal Health

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Humanitarian aid and disability

Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, Directorate General for Development Cooperation (DGDC) (2015) C2

VADEMECUM | This Vademecum is intended to provide a benchmark for aid workers—whether working in the field or at a strategic level—in particular concerning the formulation and implementation of programmes of prevention or response to humanitarian crises. It is not solely a theoretical document b... more

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Global AIDS Response: Country Progress Report Nigeria 2015

National Agency for the Control of AIDS (NACA); UNAIDS; Federal Ministry of Health, Nigeria (2015) C1

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COVID-19 Response Bulletin Ethiopia 16 August 2020

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO

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Malawi MDG Endline Survey 2014

National Statistical Office of Malawi; UNICEF; WHO; et al. (2015)

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AIDS Response Fast Track Strategy 2015-2020

National HIVAIDS (2015) C1

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Reading the Sign of Times: Catholic Women and the Call to the New Evangelization.

Correa, A. (2020) C1

Accessed 23 July 2020

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The United Nations Convention on the rights of the child and implications for clinical, practice, policy and research

M. L. Belfer; S. Song IACAPAP (2012) C2

Miscellaneous Chapter J.7

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Report on 12th International Congress on AIDS in Asia and the Pacific (ICAAP12)

CAAP12; Government of Bangladesh; ICAAP Secretariat (2016) C2

ICAAP12 Secretariat Partners in population and development, Dhaka, Bangladesh June 2016

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La prévention du VIH pour 2025 — Feuille de route

UNAIDS World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO

Cette nouvelle feuille de route trace la voie à suivre pour les actions à mener au niveau national afin d’atteindre un ensemble ambitieux d’objectifs de prévention du VIH d’ici 2025. Ces objectifs sont issus de la Déclaration politique 2021 sur le VIH et le sida, que l’Assemblée génér... more