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Manual of Diagnostic Ultrasound in Infectious Tropical Diseases

Harald T. Lutz Hassen A. Gharbi Springer (2006)

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Family Planning and HIV Integration in Malawi

Laili Irani, Sara Pappa, and Pierre Dindi USAID; PEPFAR; Health Policy Project (2015) C1

A Policy analysis

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Guidance for managing ethical issues in infectious disease outbreaks

World Health Organization (WHO) (2016) C_WHO

Infectious disease outbreaks are frequently characterized by scientific uncertainty, social and institutional disruption, and an overall climate of fear and distrust. Policy makers and public health professionals may be forced to weigh and prioritize potentially competing ethical values in the face ... more

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INTEGRATING MICROFINANCE AND COMMUNITY HEALTH INTERVENTIONS: A NARRATIVE REVIEW OF EVIDENCES FROM INDIA

Sheila Leatherman, Somen Saha, Marcia Metcalfe, et al. International Journal of Development Research (2014) C1

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Clinical Manual on Early Infant Male Circumcision Under Local Anesthesia

Ministry of Health, Kenya (2014) C1

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Venezuela: Humanitarian Response Plan Update 2021

Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs OCHA (2021) CC

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Africa’s Health Financing in a New Era

Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) (2025) CC

Africa’s health sector is facing an unprecedented financing crisis, driven by a sharp decline of 70% in Official Development Assistance (ODA) from 2021 to 2025 and deep-rooted structural vulnerabilities. This collapse is placing immense pressure on Africa’s already fragile health systems as ODA ...is seen as the backbone of critical health programs: pandemic preparedness, maternal and child health services, disease control programs are all at risk, threatening Sustainable Development Goal 3 and Universal Health Coverage. Compounding this is Africa’s spiraling debt, with countries expected to service USD 81 billion by 2025—surpassing anticipated external financing inflows—further eroding fiscal space for health investments. Level of domestic resources is low. TThe Abuja Declaration of 2001, a pivotal commitment made by African Union (AU) member states, aimed to reverse this trend by pledging to allocate at least 15% of national budgets to the health sector. However, more than two decades later, only three countries—Rwanda, Botswana, and Cabo Verde—have consistently met or exceeded this target (WHO, 2023). In contrast, over 30 AU member states remain well below the 10% benchmark, with some allocating as little as 5–7% of their national budgets to health. In addition, only 16 (29%) of African countries currently have updated versions of National Health Development Plan (NHDP) supported by a National Health Financing Plan (NHFP). These two documents play a critical role in driving internal resource mobilisation. At the same time, public health emergencies are surging, rising 41%—from 152 in 2022 to 213 in 2024—exposing severe under-resourcing of health infrastructure and workforce. Recurring outbreaks (Mpox, Ebola, cholera, measles, Marburg…) alongside effects of climate change and humanitarian crises in Eastern DRC, the Sahel, and Sudan, are overwhelming systems stretched by chronic underfunding. The situation is worsened by Africa’s heavy dependency with over 90% of vaccines, medicines, and diagnostics being externally sourced—leaving countries vulnerable to global supply chain shocks. Health worker shortages persist, with only 2.3 professionals per 1,000 people (below the WHO’s recommended 4.45), and fewer than 30% of systems are digitized, undermining disease surveillance and early warning. Without decisive action, Africa CDC projects the continent could reverse two decades of health progress, face 2 to 4 million additional preventable deaths annually, and a heightened risk of a pandemic emerging from within. Furthermore, 39 million more Africans could be pushed into poverty by 2030 due to intertwined health and economic shocks. This is not just a sectoral crisis—it is an existential threat to Africa’s political, social, and economic resilience, and global stability. In response, African leaders, under Africa CDC’s stewardship, are advancing a comprehensive three-pillar strategy centered on domestic resource mobilization, innovative financing, and blended finance. more

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Surveillance and control of Anopheles stephensi: country experiences

World Health Organization WHO (2024) C_WHO

Anopheles stephensi is an invasive mosquito species which has been found spreading across Africa. While this species presents a new challenge for malaria control on the continent, its surveillance and management have been ongoing in Asia for many years. This document aims to summarize key lessons fr... more

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Standard Operating Procedures - Bacteriology

Indian Council of Medical Research (2015) C1

Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance and Research Network | This manual describes well accepted methods to carry out drug susceptibility testing on important gram positive and gram negative clinically relevant bacteria. Methods of specimen collection, transport, culture, anti-microbial drug suscept... more

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Considerations for implementing and adjusting public health and social measures in the context of COVID-19
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO

interim guidance, 14 June 2021 This document is intended for national authorities and decision makers in countries that have introduced large scale public health and social measures. It offers guidance for adjusting public health and social measures, while managing the risk of a resurgence of cases... more

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Fit for women? Safe and decent PPE for women health and care workers

Women for Global Health WGH (2021) CC

One of the many gender inequities in the health and care workforce that COVID-19 has exposed is around the fit and design of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). The rapid onset and scale of COVID-19 led to shortages of PPE in most countries, causing preventable infection and mortality among healthc... more

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An integrated, Sustainable Framework to Elimination of Communicable Diseases in the Americas. Concept Note

Pan American Health Organisation (PAHO) (2019) C_WHO

The objective of this concept note and the framework it outlines is the elimination of a group of CDs and the negative health effects they generate, which together create a tangible burden on affected individuals, their families and communities, and on health care systems throughout the Region. Thou... more

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Rehabilitation 2030: A Call for Action

World Health Organization WHO (2018) C_WHO

There is a substantial and ever-increasing unmet need for rehabilitation worldwide, which is particularly profound in low- and middle -income countries. The availability of accessible and affordable rehabilitation is necessary for many people with health conditions to remain as independent as possi... more

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Global tuberculosis report 2022
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO

The WHO Global Tuberculosis Report 2022 provides a comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the TB epidemic, and of progress in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the disease, at global, regional and country levels. This is done in the context of global TB commitments, strategies and targets. ... more

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Action Plan for Implementation of Recommendations from the Evaluation of PAHO's Response to COVID-19

Pan American Health Organisation PAHO (2024) CC

An external team evaluated PAHO’s response to COVID-19 to provide an independent assessment of the Pan American Sanitary Bureau’s (PASB) performance regarding preparedness for and response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The evaluations’ final report culminates with eight recommendations for actions... more

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Addressing violence against women in health policies and protocols in the Americas: A regional status report

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

Violence against women and girls is widespread in the Region of the Americas, resulting in enormous consequences for the health and wellbeing of women and girls, their families and communities. These costs are unacceptable and they can be prevented through evidence-based action, including the health... more

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Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (GLASS) Report: Early implementation

World Health Organization WHO (2018) C_WHO

The global emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is posing a threat to human health. Putting resources into the containment of AMR – including surveillance – is one of the highest-yield investments a country can make to mitigate its impact. In 2015, WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Re... more

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Psychological interventions implementation manual: Integrating evidence-based psychological interventions into existing services

World Health Organization WHO (2024) C_WHO

Evidence-based psychological interventions are an important part of health, social, protection and education services and can help increase access to effective mental health treatments and progression towards universal health coverage. This manual provides managers and others responsible for plan... more

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Heat Waves, Floods And The Health Impacts Of Climate Change

World Health Organization WHO (2010) C_WHO

Training Workshop

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Neisseria gonorrhoeae Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance: Consolidated Guidance

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO

Prevention, early diagnosis, and effective treatment are essential for the control and elimination of Neisseria gonorrhoeae as a public health problem. Currently, in Latin America and the Caribbean, treatment for gonorrhea infection is largely empiric and based on clinical diagnosis. In the Americas... more

Considerations for implementing and adjusting public health and social measures in the context of COVID-19 recommended

Global tuberculosis report 2022 recommended

Considerations for implementing and adjusting public health and social measures in the context of COVID-19
recommended

Global tuberculosis report 2022
recommended