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Assessing the impact of Covid-19 on older people in the African Region

World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office of Africa (2022) C_WHO

A study conducted by the World Health Organisation Regional Office for Africa. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on older persons both globally and in the African region. Although overall the region’s population is younger relative to many other world regions, the WHO AFRO region ... more

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Rational Use of Medicines: a review

Dutta, S. (2019) CC

World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research vol. 5 (2019) 3, 129-132

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TB and HIV concept note - Investing for impact against tuberculosis and HIV

The Global Fund To fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (2015) C2

Single TB and HIV Concept Note Albania 2016-2018 27 April 2015

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Africa’s Health Financing in a New Era

Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) (2025) CC

Africa’s health sector is facing an unprecedented financing crisis, driven by a sharp decline of 70% in Official Development Assistance (ODA) from 2021 to 2025 and deep-rooted structural vulnerabilities. This collapse is placing immense pressure on Africa’s already fragile health systems as ODA ...is seen as the backbone of critical health programs: pandemic preparedness, maternal and child health services, disease control programs are all at risk, threatening Sustainable Development Goal 3 and Universal Health Coverage. Compounding this is Africa’s spiraling debt, with countries expected to service USD 81 billion by 2025—surpassing anticipated external financing inflows—further eroding fiscal space for health investments. Level of domestic resources is low. TThe Abuja Declaration of 2001, a pivotal commitment made by African Union (AU) member states, aimed to reverse this trend by pledging to allocate at least 15% of national budgets to the health sector. However, more than two decades later, only three countries—Rwanda, Botswana, and Cabo Verde—have consistently met or exceeded this target (WHO, 2023). In contrast, over 30 AU member states remain well below the 10% benchmark, with some allocating as little as 5–7% of their national budgets to health. In addition, only 16 (29%) of African countries currently have updated versions of National Health Development Plan (NHDP) supported by a National Health Financing Plan (NHFP). These two documents play a critical role in driving internal resource mobilisation. At the same time, public health emergencies are surging, rising 41%—from 152 in 2022 to 213 in 2024—exposing severe under-resourcing of health infrastructure and workforce. Recurring outbreaks (Mpox, Ebola, cholera, measles, Marburg…) alongside effects of climate change and humanitarian crises in Eastern DRC, the Sahel, and Sudan, are overwhelming systems stretched by chronic underfunding. The situation is worsened by Africa’s heavy dependency with over 90% of vaccines, medicines, and diagnostics being externally sourced—leaving countries vulnerable to global supply chain shocks. Health worker shortages persist, with only 2.3 professionals per 1,000 people (below the WHO’s recommended 4.45), and fewer than 30% of systems are digitized, undermining disease surveillance and early warning. Without decisive action, Africa CDC projects the continent could reverse two decades of health progress, face 2 to 4 million additional preventable deaths annually, and a heightened risk of a pandemic emerging from within. Furthermore, 39 million more Africans could be pushed into poverty by 2030 due to intertwined health and economic shocks. This is not just a sectoral crisis—it is an existential threat to Africa’s political, social, and economic resilience, and global stability. In response, African leaders, under Africa CDC’s stewardship, are advancing a comprehensive three-pillar strategy centered on domestic resource mobilization, innovative financing, and blended finance. more

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WHO Global Atlas of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines. Text and map volume

Bodeker, Gerard, Ong, Chi-Keong, Grundy, Chris, Burford, Gemma, Shein, Kin. et al. (‎2005)‎. WHO global atlas of traditional, complementary and alternative medicine. Kobe, Japa World Health Organization WHO (2005) C_WHO

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Refugee and Migrant Health System Review: Challenges and Opportunities for Long-term Health system Strengthening in Uganda

Government of Uganda; World Health Organization WHO (2024) C_WHO

Uganda is Africa's largest refugee-hosting country and ranks fifth globally. Over the decades, Uganda has hosted refugees from nations including South Sudan, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Eritrea, Somalia, Sudan, Burundi, and Rwanda. As of early 2024, it hosts 1 600 000 refugees, primarily in re... more

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The Global HIV Epidemics among Sex Workers

D. Kerrigan; A. Wirtz; I. Semini; et al. The World Bank (2013) C2

Directions in Development Human Development

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Contextual factors influencing schistosomiasis treatment and identification of delivery platforms for arpraziquantel in hard-to-reach areas and populations in Homa Bay County, Kenya

Isaiah PM, Afriyie DO, Maghanga M, et al. (2024) CC

PLOS Glob Public Health 4(12): e0004035. https://doi. org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0004035. A new formulation of praziquantel, arpraziquantel (arPZQ), has been developed for preschool- aged children (PSAC) to fill the treatment gap for this age group in schistosomiasis control and elimination program... more

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“They live in the dark”: Older people’s isolation and inadequate access to housing amid Russia’s invasion of Ukraine
recommended

Amnesty International (2023) CC

Ukraine: Russian invasion has forced older people with disabilities to endure isolation and neglect – new report Many temporary shelters inaccessible to people with physical disabilities Overburdened care system often provides few alternatives to institutions for older people Authorities ... more

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Tuberculosis control in complex emergencies

World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean (2015) C_WHO

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IASC Reference Group Mental Health and Psychosocial Support Assessment Guide

Inter-Agency Standing Committee IASC (2012) C1

The purpose of this document is to provide agencies with a guide with three tools containing key assessment questions that are of common relevance to all actors involved in Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS) independent of the phase of the emergency. This guide will be useful for rapid a... more

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International Standards of Drug Use Prevention

World Health Organization (WHO); United Nations Office on Drug and Crime UNODC (2019) C_WHO

2nd revised edition. Accessed Apri. 17, 2019 Prevention strategies based on scientific evidence working with families, schools, and communities can ensure that children and youth, especially the most marginalized and poor, grow and stay healthy and safe into adulthood and old age. For every dollar ... more

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An exploration of facilitators and challenges in the scale-up of a national, public sector community health worker cadre in Zambia: a qualitative study

S. Chauwa Phiri, M.Lippitt Prust, C. Phiri Chibawe, et al. (2017) CC

Phiri et al. Human Resources for Health (2017) 15:40 DOI 10.1186/s12960-017-0214-3

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Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Disaster Situations in the Caribbean

Mental Health Program; Pan American Health Organization PAHO (2012) C_WHO

Core Knowledge for Emergency Preparedness and Response

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Third progress analysis of implementation of antimicrobial resistance national action plans in the WHO South-East Asia Region

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is described as a situation when bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites change over time and no longer respond to medicines, making infections harder or impossible to treat, and increasing the risk of disease spread, severe illness and death.1 AMR in recent years has... more

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Trends in Maternal Mortality: 1990 to 2015

WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and the United Nations Population Division (2015) C_WHO

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HIV and Mobility: Compendium of Migration and HIV and Aids Interventions

Jose Michael International Organization for Migration (IOM) (2009) C_WHO

This publication by UNAIDS, UNDP and the International Organisation for Migration examines various dimensions related to migration and HIV and AIDS.

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“Complicit in Exclusion” South Africa’s Failure to Guarantee an Inclusive Education for Children with Disabilities

Human Rights Watch (2015) C2

This report from Human Rights Watch found that South Africa has failed to guarantee the right to education for many of the country’s children and young adults due to widespread discrimination against children with disabilities in enrollment decisions. Human Rights Watch research in five out of Sou... more

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Targeting in Complex Emergencies - South Sudan Country Case Study

Maxwell, D. & Burns, J. Feinstein International Center, Tufts University; WFP (2008)

This research is one case in a study commissioned by the World Food Programme to investigate the participation of recipient community in the targeting and management of humanitarian food assistance in complex emergencies. The study involved a substantial desk review of existing documentation, and th... more

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Reopening schools in Latin America and the Caribbean: key points, challenges, and dilemmas to plan a safe return to in-person classes

Inter-American Development Bank IDB, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNESCO (2021) C1

The document presents an assessment developed by both institutions as a contribution to the prioritization of education in national response plans to the health emergency and future recovery strategies. "Countries have deployed various response and recovery plans in which education needs to be incor... more

“They live in the dark”: Older people’s isolation and inadequate access to housing amid Russia’s invasion of Ukraine recommended

“They live in the dark”: Older people’s isolation and inadequate access to housing amid Russia’s invasion of Ukraine
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