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The Kabeho Mwana project (2006–2011) supported the Rwanda Ministry of Health (MOH) in scaling up integrated community case management (iCCM) of childhood illness in 6 of Rwanda’s 30 districts. The project trained and equipped community
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health workers (CHWs) according to national guidelines. In project districts, Kabeho Mwana staff also trained CHWs to conduct household-level health promotion and established supervision and reporting mechanisms through CHW peer support groups (PSGs) and quality improvement systems. The iCCM model implemented by Kabeho Mwana resulted in greater improvements in care-seeking than those seen in the rest of the country. Intensive monitoring, collaborative supervision, community mobilization, and CHW PSGs contributed to this success. The PSGs were a unique contribution of the project, playing a critical role in improving care-seeking in project districts. Effective implementation of iCCM should therefore include CHW management and social support mechanisms. Finally, re-analysis of national survey data improved evaluation findings by providing impact estimates.
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There is no guarantee that a successful pilot program introducing a reproductive health innovation can also be expanded successfully to the national or regional level, because the scaling-up process is complex and multilayered. This article describe
...
s how a successful pilot program to integrate the Standard Days Method (SDM) of family planning into existing Ministry of Health services was scaled up nationally in Rwanda.
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Tanzania is prone to refugee influxes, often of long duration. Despite facing its own economic challenges, for decades Tanzania has welcomed thousands of refugees fleeing conflicts in neighboring countries of Great Lakes Region. The counties geographic proximity to the strifetorn Congo Basin is resp
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onsible in part for the ease access of displaced populations. As well Tanzania was an early signatory in the region to international agreements on the rights and welfare of refugee and asylum seekers As of December, 2018, Tanzania host some 284,300 camp-based refugees, 77% of who are children and woman, in Nduta, Nyarugusu and Mtendeli Refugee Camps in Kigoma region in Northwest Tanzania. About 74% are from Burundi, and the remaining 26% are primarily from Democratic republic of Congo.
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Providing differentiated delivery to children and adolescents
A. Grimsrud; D.Walker; W. Ameyan; S. Brusamento
Unicef; World Health Organization; Pata Pata Pata; IAS
(2019)
C_WHO
Differentiated service delivery is a client-centered approach, simplifying and adapting services to better meet the needs of people living with HIV and reducing unnecessary burdens on the health care system. Differentiated ART delivery for clinicall
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y stable children and adolescents is supported by global agencies, and a growing body of evidence highlights how differentiated ART provides a significant opportunity to improve treatment adherence among children and adolescents living with HIV.
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Antibiotics use with care
The escalating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pandemic is a global public health threat with extensive health, economic and societal implications. Resistance emerges because of selection pressure fr
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om rational and indiscriminate antimicrobial use in human health as well as in the veterinary, agriculture and environmental sectors. Infections caused by resistant bacteria result in longer duration of illness, higher mortality rates and increased costs associated with alternative treatment. AMR further constrains procedures that rely on antimicrobial prophylaxis, and AMR is recognized as a threat to theworld economy.
Journal of Public Health | Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 8–13 | doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdw015 | Advance Access Publication March 3 2016
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The Region of the Americas comprises 46 countries and territories and Brazil and Peru are among the WHO high- TB burden
countries. T o illustrate the recent increase in TB incidence in the region, we selected 12 countries from Latin America (Argentina,
Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador
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, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela), which account for approximately 80% of the total estimated TB cases in the region.
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Final Report
Japan has been implementing projects of global extension of medical technologies under an official development assistance policy to improve public health and medicine by promoting Japanese medical technologies worldwide. The current work examines th
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e impact and goals of implementing this new scheme. The scheme has involved dozens of projects that sent Japanese experts to partner countries and that invited their counterparts to Japan to showcase Japanese medical technologies. Approximately 50 projects have been implemented in 24 countries over 5 years, and 19,638 individuals have been trained. As a result, the introduced technology was adopted in national guidelines in 4 projects and the introduced equipment was procured in the partner country in 17 projects. In total, 912,334 individuals have benefitted from the introduction of these medical technologies. The concept of "creating shared value" (CSV) could help promote project success by both creating economic value and encouraging social progress. However, the sustainability of that business model remains in question in terms of the internationalization of CSV. Several successful projects improved medical care and led to new business opportunities.
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In 2014, the World Heart Federation (WHF) launched
an initiative to develop a series of Roadmaps [1e6]. Their
aim is to identify potential roadblocks on the pathway to
effective prevention, detection, and management of cardiovascular disease (CVD
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), along with evidence-based
solutions to overcome them. The resulting documents
provide a framework to translate strategic intent into action
on integrating epidemiology, population, and cardiovascular outcome trial data into national plans for optimal
CVD management.
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Worldwide, there are about 17 million deaths due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) each year and at least two or three times as many non-fatal events. Raised cholesterol greatly increases the risks of stroke and heart disease, causing a large
health
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burden across the world. The World Health Organization has identified control of cholesterol as part of a Total Risk Approach to the prevention of CVD as a public health priority.
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Background: The impacts of air pollutants on health range from short-term health impairments to hospital admissions
and deaths. Climate change is leading to an increase in air pollution.
The guide presents a structured framework covering assessment and planning, service delivery models, integration with broader health and social services, monitoring, and sustainability. It emphasizes community leadership, human rights, equitable acc
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ess and adaptation to local contexts, including closed settings. Practical tools are included to support implementation and accelerate progress towards global targets for controlling HIV and eliminating viral hepatitis epidemics.
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Issue No. 24
Lancet Glob Health 2016; 4: e856–63. Open Access
The article "Effectiveness of one dose of oral cholera vaccine in response to an outbreak: a case-cohort study" investigates whether a single dose of the Shanchol oral cholera vaccine can provide e
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ffective protection during an outbreak. Conducted in Juba, South Sudan, in 2015, the study involved a case-cohort approach, analyzing vaccination status and disease outcomes.
Findings showed that a single dose was 80.2% effective in preventing medically attended cholera cases, increasing to 87.3% after adjustments for confounding factors. These results suggest that a single-dose strategy can be an effective emergency response, particularly in settings with limited vaccine supply and high mobility of affected populations. The study supports using a single-dose approach during outbreaks when a two-dose regimen is logistically challenging.
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