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Guidelines for Case-Finding, Diagnosis, and Public Health Response in South Africa

Bham, A.; J. Bhiman, F. Bongweni et al. National Department of Health South Africa (2020) CC

In the light of the transmissibility of coronaviruses, and the global experience with MERS-CoV (ongoing) and SARS in 2003 which were also caused by coronaviruses, South African authorities have compiled this guideline document to support surveillance, case finding, diagnosis, management and public ... more

Ebola Virus Disease in Africa: Epidemiology and health facility related transmission

Shears, Paul, T.J.D. O'Dempsey (2015)

A review of current literature and up date data from the field, April 2015. This report has been published in part in J Hosp Inf. 2015;90:1-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=ebola+nosocomial+shears

Health and Human Rights in the new world (dis)order

British Medical Association BMA (2022) CC

Building on our decades of commitment to human rights in medicine and healthcare, we have published a new report on emerging threats in health-related human rights both globally and in the UK. 'Health ... more

Conference "lessons learned for public health from the Ebola outbreak in West Africa – how to improve preparedness and response in the EU for future outbreaks"

European Commission, Government of Luxembourg (2016) C1

- Conference summary report

Trauma and PTSD in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys

Kessler, R.C., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Alonso, J., et al. European of Psychotraumatology (2017) CC

Objective: To review research on associations of trauma type with PTSD in the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) surveys, a series of epidemiological surveys that obtained representative data on trauma-s ... more

Social Mobilization and Community Engagement Central to the Ebola Response in West Africa: Lessons for Future Public Health Emergencies
recommended

Amaya M Gillespie, Rafael Obregon, Rania El Asawi, et al. (2016) CC

doi: 10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00226; Glob Health Sci Pract December 23, 2016 vol. 4 no. 4 p. 626-646

Africa CDC Non Communicable Diseases, Injuries Prevention and Control and Mental Health Promotion Strategy
recommended

African Union; Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (2022) CC

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) & injuries and mental health conditions constitute a serious impediment to achieving the vision of Agenda 2063 to build an integrated, prosperous, and peaceful Africa ... more

Men who have Sex with Men - An Introductory Guide for Health Care Workers in Africa

B. Brown; Z. Duby; A. Scheibe; et al. Desmond Tutu HIV Foundation (2011) C2

Revised Version 2011

Lessons from case studies of integrating mentalhealth into primary health care in South Africa and Uganda

Petersen, I.; et al. (2011) CC

Petersenet al.International Journal of Mental Health Systems2011,5:8http://www.ijmhs.com/content/5/1/8

Using Opioids to Manage Pain: A Pocket Guide for Health Professionals in Africa

African Palliative Care Association APCA (2010) C2

In this guide, the African Palliative Care Association (APCA) has put together evidence‑based information on the use of specific opioids commonly used in the management of moderate‑to‑severe pain to manage both cancer and non‑cancer pain. APCA hopes that this guide will be a useful tool i ... more

The lives of children with disabilities in Africa: A glimpse into a hidden world

Nafisa Baboo The African Child Policy Forum (ACPF) (2011) C2

Health and Socio-Economic Impacts of Physical Distancing for Covid-19 in Africa. Policy Brief

Barasa, E.; et al. KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme and African Academy of Sciences (2020) CC

Physical distancing measures are important to reduce COVID-19 transmission. However, when stringently applied, they can result in negative health and socio-economic impacts. This report draws on a rapid review of available literature, case studies f ... more

COVID-19: Guidelines for case-finding, diagnosis, management and public health response in South Africa
recommended

Bham A., J. Bhiman, F. Bongweni et al. Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis and Outbreak Response (2020) C2

The information contained in this document, be it guidelines, recommendations, diagnostic algorithms or treatment regimens, are offered in this document in the public interest. To the best of the knowledge of the guideline writing team, the information contained in these guidelines is correct. Imple ... more

Integrating mental health into South Africa’s health system: current status and way forward

Schneider, M.; E. Baron, E. Breuer, et al. (2016) CC

Africa’s Health Financing in a New Era

Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) (2025) CC

Africa’s health sector is facing an unprecedented financing crisis, driven by a sharp decline of 70% in Official Development Assistance (ODA) from 2021 to 2025 and deep-rooted structural vulnerabi ... lities. This collapse is placing immense pressure on Africa’s already fragile health systems as ODA is seen as the backbone of critical health programs: pandemic preparedness, maternal and child health services, disease control programs are all at risk, threatening Sustainable Development Goal 3 and Universal Health Coverage. Compounding this is Africa’s spiraling debt, with countries expected to service USD 81 billion by 2025—surpassing anticipated external financing inflows—further eroding fiscal space for health investments. Level of domestic resources is low. TThe Abuja Declaration of 2001, a pivotal commitment made by African Union (AU) member states, aimed to reverse this trend by pledging to allocate at least 15% of national budgets to the health sector. However, more than two decades later, only three countries—Rwanda, Botswana, and Cabo Verde—have consistently met or exceeded this target (WHO, 2023). In contrast, over 30 AU member states remain well below the 10% benchmark, with some allocating as little as 5–7% of their national budgets to health. In addition, only 16 (29%) of African countries currently have updated versions of National Health Development Plan (NHDP) supported by a National Health Financing Plan (NHFP). These two documents play a critical role in driving internal resource mobilisation. At the same time, public health emergencies are surging, rising 41%—from 152 in 2022 to 213 in 2024—exposing severe under-resourcing of health infrastructure and workforce. Recurring outbreaks (Mpox, Ebola, cholera, measles, Marburg…) alongside effects of climate change and humanitarian crises in Eastern DRC, the Sahel, and Sudan, are overwhelming systems stretched by chronic underfunding. The situation is worsened by Africa’s heavy dependency with over 90% of vaccines, medicines, and diagnostics being externally sourced—leaving countries vulnerable to global supply chain shocks. Health worker shortages persist, with only 2.3 professionals per 1,000 people (below the WHO’s recommended 4.45), and fewer than 30% of systems are digitized, undermining disease surveillance and early warning. Without decisive action, Africa CDC projects the continent could reverse two decades of health progress, face 2 to 4 million additional preventable deaths annually, and a heightened risk of a pandemic emerging from within. Furthermore, 39 million more Africans could be pushed into poverty by 2030 due to intertwined health and economic shocks. This is not just a sectoral crisis—it is an existential threat to Africa’s political, social, and economic resilience, and global stability. In response, African leaders, under Africa CDC’s stewardship, are advancing a comprehensive three-pillar strategy centered on domestic resource mobilization, innovative financing, and blended finance. more

A Wake-Up Call: Lessons from Ebola for the world’s health systems
recommended

Save the Children (2015)

Almost 30 countries vulnerable to a new Ebola-style Epidemic, jeopardising the future of millions of Children. The report ranks the world’s poorest countries on the state of their public health sy ... more

WHO research for hand hygiene in health care 2023–2030: summary

World Health Organisation WHO (2023) C_WHO

Hand hygiene is vital for safe health care delivery, yet practices at the point of care remain suboptimal worldwide. A comprehensive research agenda is therefore necessary to improve our understanding of factors influencing hand hygiene behaviour an ... more

Quality of care in contraceptive information and services, based on human rights standards: A checklist for health care providers

Rajat Khosla, Moazzam Ali and Jane Cottingham World Health Organisation (WHO) (2017) C_WHO

This checklist covers five areas of competence needed by health care providers to provide quality of care in contraceptive information and services including: respecting users’ privacy and guaranteeing contfidentiality, choice, accessible and acce ... more

Integrated operational framework for mental health, brain health and substance use

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2024) C_WHO

This integrated operational framework provides an overview of the connections between mental health, neurological and substance use (MNS) conditions, and their links to health, well-being and the br ... more

West Africa Ebola Outbreak Concept of Operations 24 July 2015

World Food Programme, Logistics Cluster (2015)