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WHO guideline for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in HIV co-infected patients in East Africa and South-East Asia

World Health Organzation WHO WHO Neglected Tropical Diseases Department (2022) C_WHO

The leishmaniases are a group of diseases caused by Leishmania spp., which occur in cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral forms. They are neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), which disproportionately affect marginalized populations who have limited access to health care. HIV co-infected patients with... more

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Kenya: Health Information System Policy

Ministry of Medical Services, Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation (2016) C1

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Systematic assessment of the Child Friendly City /District (CFC /D ) initiative in Indonesia

UNICEF Indonesia (2014)

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Nepal: National Health Sector Support Program Capacity Assessment for Nutrition

Spiro D., Devkota M., Rana P. et al. (2010) C1

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Kenya:Strategic Plan 2008-2012

Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, Kenya (2008) C1

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Philippines: 2014 - 2016 National Climate Change Adaptation in Health (CCAH) Strategic Plan

Department of Health (DOH) (2014) C1

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Improving maternal and child health in Asia through innovative partnerships and approaches. The case of Nepal

Fiona Samuels and Svetlana Ancker Overseas Development Institute (ODI), (2015) C1

Following an overview of maternal and neonatal child health in Nepal and in the districts covered by the project, the briefing outlines the background to the Strengthening Approaches for Maximizing Maternal, Neonatal and Reproductive Health (SAMMAN) project. It then describes the key aspects of the ... more

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Education of children with disabilities in India

Nidhi Singal (2009) C1

Paper commissioned for the EFA Global Monitoring Report 2010, Reaching the marginalized

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Impact of Water and Sanitation Interventions on Childhood Diarrhea: Evidence from Bangladesh

Sharifa Begum, et al. Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS) Grantee (2013) C1

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An end to violence against children

UN Children's Fund UNICEF United Nations and Partners (2012)

The full range and scale of all forms of violence against children are only now becoming visible, as is the evidence of the harm it does. This book documents the outcomes and recommendations of the process of the United Nations Secretary-General’s Study on Violence against Children. ‘The Study�... more

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The Role of Antenatal Care in Predicting Health Facility Delivery among Women in Kenya: Further Analysis of Data from the 2008-09 KDHS

Obago, Irene T ICF International (2013) C2

DHS Working Papers No. 86

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Hitting Rock Bottom

UNICEF (2017)

How 2016 became the worst year for Syria's children

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Modelling an Optimised Investment Approach for Tajikistan

The Republic of Tajikistan; UNDP (2014) C2

Getting to Zero Sustainable Financing of National HIV Responses

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Investment Case - Eighth Replenishment 2025

The Global Fund (2025) CC

To meet our Strategy objectives and get within reach of the 2030 SDG 3 target related to the three diseases, the Global Fund needs to raise US$18 billion for the Eighth Replenishment. That sum is essential to drive the required pace of progress in the fight against HIV, TB and malaria, and to m... more

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The cost of the reemergence of monkeypox: An overview of health financing in Africa

Sokunbi T.O., Akinbi E.O. Health Policy OPEN (2024) CC

This study aims to provide an overview of health financing in Africa and to examine the impact of the reemergence of mpox on health financing in the region.

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Financing Agenda 2030

Burgess B., Custer J., Custer S. AidData (2023) CC

To realize Agenda 2030, aid agencies, private philanthropies, and their partners in the Global South need better data to monitor how official development finance (ODF) dollars advance the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and avoid missing the mark. In this report, we summarize the results of a n... more

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Africa’s Health Financing in a New Era

Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) (2025) CC

Africa’s health sector is facing an unprecedented financing crisis, driven by a sharp decline of 70% in Official Development Assistance (ODA) from 2021 to 2025 and deep-rooted structural vulnerabilities. This collapse is placing immense pressure on Africa’s already fragile health systems as ODA ...is seen as the backbone of critical health programs: pandemic preparedness, maternal and child health services, disease control programs are all at risk, threatening Sustainable Development Goal 3 and Universal Health Coverage. Compounding this is Africa’s spiraling debt, with countries expected to service USD 81 billion by 2025—surpassing anticipated external financing inflows—further eroding fiscal space for health investments. Level of domestic resources is low. TThe Abuja Declaration of 2001, a pivotal commitment made by African Union (AU) member states, aimed to reverse this trend by pledging to allocate at least 15% of national budgets to the health sector. However, more than two decades later, only three countries—Rwanda, Botswana, and Cabo Verde—have consistently met or exceeded this target (WHO, 2023). In contrast, over 30 AU member states remain well below the 10% benchmark, with some allocating as little as 5–7% of their national budgets to health. In addition, only 16 (29%) of African countries currently have updated versions of National Health Development Plan (NHDP) supported by a National Health Financing Plan (NHFP). These two documents play a critical role in driving internal resource mobilisation. At the same time, public health emergencies are surging, rising 41%—from 152 in 2022 to 213 in 2024—exposing severe under-resourcing of health infrastructure and workforce. Recurring outbreaks (Mpox, Ebola, cholera, measles, Marburg…) alongside effects of climate change and humanitarian crises in Eastern DRC, the Sahel, and Sudan, are overwhelming systems stretched by chronic underfunding. The situation is worsened by Africa’s heavy dependency with over 90% of vaccines, medicines, and diagnostics being externally sourced—leaving countries vulnerable to global supply chain shocks. Health worker shortages persist, with only 2.3 professionals per 1,000 people (below the WHO’s recommended 4.45), and fewer than 30% of systems are digitized, undermining disease surveillance and early warning. Without decisive action, Africa CDC projects the continent could reverse two decades of health progress, face 2 to 4 million additional preventable deaths annually, and a heightened risk of a pandemic emerging from within. Furthermore, 39 million more Africans could be pushed into poverty by 2030 due to intertwined health and economic shocks. This is not just a sectoral crisis—it is an existential threat to Africa’s political, social, and economic resilience, and global stability. In response, African leaders, under Africa CDC’s stewardship, are advancing a comprehensive three-pillar strategy centered on domestic resource mobilization, innovative financing, and blended finance. more

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COVID-19 Technical Brief for Maternity Services

United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) (2020) C2

April 2020 This Guidance Note offers a list of recommendations based on a combination of WHO guidelines, good practice and expert advice based on the latest scientific research. The situation with COVID-19 is evolving rapidly and the guidance will continue to be updated if and when new evidence o... more

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Heat waves and human health

Lee, V.; F. Zermoglio; K.L.Ebi; et al. USAID (2019) C1

Emerging evidence and experience to inform risk management in a warming world

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Baby Friendly Community Initiative. A Training Manual for Community Health Volunteers (c-BFCI)

Ministry of Health, Kenya; UNICEF; World Health Organization WHO Ministry of Health, Kenya; UNICEF; World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO

The community-BFCI (c-BFCI) manual has been developed to facilitate training of CHVs and stakeholders providing nutrition sensitive services at community level. The manual covers a wide range of topics: basic nutrition, exclusive breastfeeding, complementary feeding, Breast Milk Substitutes Act, gro... more