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Africa’s Health Financing in a New Era

Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) (2025) CC

Africa’s health sector is facing an unprecedented financing crisis, driven by a sharp decline of 70% in Official Development Assistance (ODA) from 2021 to 2025 and deep-rooted structural vulnerabilities. This collapse is placing immense pressure on Africa’s already fragile health systems as ODA ...is seen as the backbone of critical health programs: pandemic preparedness, maternal and child health services, disease control programs are all at risk, threatening Sustainable Development Goal 3 and Universal Health Coverage. Compounding this is Africa’s spiraling debt, with countries expected to service USD 81 billion by 2025—surpassing anticipated external financing inflows—further eroding fiscal space for health investments. Level of domestic resources is low. TThe Abuja Declaration of 2001, a pivotal commitment made by African Union (AU) member states, aimed to reverse this trend by pledging to allocate at least 15% of national budgets to the health sector. However, more than two decades later, only three countries—Rwanda, Botswana, and Cabo Verde—have consistently met or exceeded this target (WHO, 2023). In contrast, over 30 AU member states remain well below the 10% benchmark, with some allocating as little as 5–7% of their national budgets to health. In addition, only 16 (29%) of African countries currently have updated versions of National Health Development Plan (NHDP) supported by a National Health Financing Plan (NHFP). These two documents play a critical role in driving internal resource mobilisation. At the same time, public health emergencies are surging, rising 41%—from 152 in 2022 to 213 in 2024—exposing severe under-resourcing of health infrastructure and workforce. Recurring outbreaks (Mpox, Ebola, cholera, measles, Marburg…) alongside effects of climate change and humanitarian crises in Eastern DRC, the Sahel, and Sudan, are overwhelming systems stretched by chronic underfunding. The situation is worsened by Africa’s heavy dependency with over 90% of vaccines, medicines, and diagnostics being externally sourced—leaving countries vulnerable to global supply chain shocks. Health worker shortages persist, with only 2.3 professionals per 1,000 people (below the WHO’s recommended 4.45), and fewer than 30% of systems are digitized, undermining disease surveillance and early warning. Without decisive action, Africa CDC projects the continent could reverse two decades of health progress, face 2 to 4 million additional preventable deaths annually, and a heightened risk of a pandemic emerging from within. Furthermore, 39 million more Africans could be pushed into poverty by 2030 due to intertwined health and economic shocks. This is not just a sectoral crisis—it is an existential threat to Africa’s political, social, and economic resilience, and global stability. In response, African leaders, under Africa CDC’s stewardship, are advancing a comprehensive three-pillar strategy centered on domestic resource mobilization, innovative financing, and blended finance. more

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Les conditions d’accès aux soins de santé dans la communauté rurale de Yène

Kone A. , M. C. Evrard, M. A. Diop Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar (2011) C2

Elle s’articulera autour de trois points essentiels : la gouvernance sanitaire au Sénégal (première partie), cette analyse nous permettra de comprendre mieux l’organisation et le fonctionnement du système de santé au Sénégal afin d’avoir une meilleure appréhension de l’offre de soins... more

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Plan national de dévloppement sanitaire 2011 -2020

Ministère de la Santé, Burkina Faso (2011) C2

Au plan conceptuel, le PNDS 2011-2020 est l’instrument de mise en œuvre de la Politique nationale de santé (PNS). Dans cette perspective, il est organisé autour des huit orientations prioritaires retenues dans la Politique nationale de santé. Chacune de ces orientations stratégiques est tra... more

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Trauma and Emergency Surgery Kit (TESK) 2019

World Health Organization WHO (2019) C_WHO

For 50 patients requiring surgical care in emergency situations assuming 2 operations per patient (100 interventions) WHO trauma and emergency surgery kit (TESK) aims to provide materials and drugs to meet the needs of 50 patients requiring surgical care in emergency situations, assuming an avera... more

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Emergency health kits
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO

WHO has developed standardized health kits of medicines and medical supplies to meet different health needs in humanitarian emergencies and disasters. These kits are developed to provide reliable and affordable medicines and supplies quickly to those in need. The kits are used by United Nations age... more

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La UE apoya a los refugiados y migrantes Venezolanos y a las comunidades de acogida

European Union EU (2019) CC

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République Démocratique du Congo: Cluster Santé Sitrep S22 2021

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO

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Colombia: Situational Report - June 2019

Respuesta a Venezolanos RAV (2019) CC

According to official figures from Migración Colombia by the end of June 2019, there were more than 1.4 million Venezuelan refugees and migrants living in Colombia. The majority of people have settled in the border departments of La Guajira and Norte de Santander, continuing to cities along the Car... more

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Syrian Arab Republic: COVID-19 Humanitarian Update No. 25 as of 10 June 2021

Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs OCHA (2021) C1

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Ghana Annual Report 2019

World Health Organization WHO; Regional Office for Africa (2020) C_WHO

The WHO country office for Ghana, began the year 2019 with a 4-day staff retreat at the Busua Beach Resort in the Western Region from 04 to 08 March 2019. The theme for the retreat was ‘Impacting the Health and Lives of the people of Ghana through the Triple Billion Goal”. The staff outlined pri... more

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Survive, Thrive, Transform — Global Strategy for Women’s, Children’s and Adolescents’ Health (2016–2030)

Joint United Nations Programme on HIVAIDS (UNAIDS) (2018) C1

2018 monitoring report: current status and strategic priorities
The report sets out the status of women’s, children’s and adolescents’ health, and on health systems and social and environmental determinants. Regional dashboards on 16 key indicators highlight where progress is being made o... more

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Proyecto Hacia la Salud Universal de la Población del Gran Chaco Suramericano 2016 - 2019

Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) (2018) C_WHO

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Compétences de base pour les soins infirmiers en cas de catastrophe Version 2.0

Al-Maaitah, R., Conlan, L., Gebbie, K. et al. Conseil International des Infirmières (2019) CC

En 2009, le Conseil international des infirmières (CII) et l’Organisation mondiale de la Santé (OMS) publiaient la première édition des compétences de base pour les soins infirmiers en cas de catastrophe. Dans la documentation publiée à l’occasion de la Journée internationale des infirm... more

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WASH Colombia: Reporte Situacional, Resumen respuesta mayo 2021

Grupo Interagencial sobre Flujos Migratorios Mixtos R4V (2021) C1

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USG Response to Ebola outbreak in West Africa Last Updated 08/28/2015

USAID; CDC (2015)

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Bulletin humanitaire République centrafricaine: Numéro 44 Mai 2019

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) (2019) CC

Entre le 19 et le 21 mai 2019, 34 personnes ont perdu la vie dans des attaques simultanées attribuées au 3R (Retour, Réclamation et Réhabilitation) et perpétrées dans les villages de Koundjili et Lemouna, (situés respectivement à 42 et 52 km à l’Ouest de Paoua) mais aussi à Bohong et ... more

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Plan de préparation et réponse à la pandémie de la maladie à Coronavirus COVID-19

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO

Les coronavirus forment une vaste famille de virus qui peuvent être pathogènes chez l’homme et chez l’animal. On sait que, chez l’être humain, plusieurs coronavirus peuvent entraîner des infections respiratoires dont les manifestations vont du simple rhume à des maladies plus graves comme... more