the aid library

Parasites - Onchocerciasis (also known as River Blindness)

Center for Disease Control and Prevention CDC (2019) CC

Onchocerciasis, or river blindness, is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) caused by the parasitic worm Onchocerca volvulus. It is transmitted through repeated bites by blackflies of the genus Simulium. The disease is called river blindness because the blackfly that transmits the infection lives and ... more

Parasites - Scabies Prevention and Control

Center for Disease Control and Prevention CDC (2018) CC

When a person is infested with scabies mites the first time, symptoms typically take 4-8 weeks to develop after being infested. However, an infested person can transmit scabies, even if they do not have symptoms. Scabies usually is passed by direct, prolonged skin-to-skin contact with an infested pe ... more

Parasites - Guinea Worm

Center for Disease Control and Prevention CDC (2003) CC

People with Guinea worm disease (GWD) have no symptoms for about 1 year. Then, the person begins to feel ill. Symptoms can include the following: Slight fever Itchy rash Nausea Vomiting Diarrhea Dizziness A blister then develops. This blister can form anywhere on the skin. However, the blis ... more

Training Manual on Diagnosis of Intestinal Parasites

WHO (1998) C_WHO

based on the WHO Bench Aids for the diagnosis of intestinal parasites; Tutor’s Guide: perform specific laboratory techniques; identify intestinal parasites by genus and species; quantify helminth ... more

Bench aids for the diagnosis of intestinal parasites 2nd edition
recommended

World Health Organization World Health Organization WHO (2019) C_WHO

2nd edition

Microscopie pour la détection, l’identification et la quantification des parasites du paludisme sur frottis sanguins ou gouttes épaisses colorés dans les environnements de recherche
recommended

Organisation Mondiale de la Santé OMS (2020) C_WHO

procédures : guide méthodologique

Microscopy for the detection, identification and quantification of malaria parasites on stained thick and thin blood films in research settings

World Health Organization (2015) C_WHO

(‎version 1.0)‎: procedure: methods manual

Epidemiology of Taenia saginata taeniosis/cysticercosis: a systematic review of the distribution in the Americas

Braae, U.; Thomas, L.; Roberson, L. Parasites and Vectors (2018) CC

Taenia saginata is a zoonotic tapeworm that is of economic importance in countries where cattle are kept. The parasite is transmitted from human tapeworm carriers (taeniosis) to bovines (cysticercosis) by excretion of eggs or proglottids containing eggs into the environment via the stool. Bovines ca ... more

Taenia solium taeniosis/cysticercosis and the co-distribution with schistosomiasis in Africa

Braae, U.; Saarnak, C.; Mukaratirwa, S. Parasites and Vectors (2015) CC

The major neglected tropical diseases, Taenia solium taeniosis/cysticercosis and schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni or S. haematobium are presumed to be widely distributed in Africa. Taenia solium taeniosis/ cysticercosis has been reported as an emerging disease in different regions of Af ... more

The impact of residual infections on Anopheles-transmitted Wuchereria bancrofti after multiple rounds of mass drug administration

D. K. de Souza; Ansumana, R.; Sessay, S.; Parasites & Vectors (2015) CC

Many countries have made significant progress in the implementation of World Health Organization recommended preventive chemotherapy strategy, to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (LF). However, pertinent challenges such as the existence of areas of residual infections in disease endemic districts pose ... more

Parasitic Diseases Lectures #28: Lymphatic Filariasis

Parasites Without Borders (2018) CC

Dickson and Daniel discuss lymphatic filariasis caused by the helminths Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayai.

Current epidemiological evidence for predisposition to high or low intensity human helminth infection: a systematic review

Wright J.E., Werkman M., Dunn J.C. et al Parasites and Vectors (2018) C2

Background: The human helminth infections include ascariasis, trichuriasis, hookworm infections, schistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis (LF) and onchocerciasis. It is estimated that almost 2 billion people worldwide are infected with helminths. Whilst the WHO treatment guidelines for helminth infecti ... ons are mostly aimed at controlling morbidity, there has been a recent shift with some countries moving towards goals of disease elimination through mass drug administration, especially for LF and onchocerciasis. However, as prevalence is driven lower, treating entire populations may no longer be the most efficient or cost-effective strategy. Instead, it may be beneficial to identify individuals or demographic groups who are persistently infected, often termed as being “predisposed” to infection, and target treatment at them. Methods: The authors searched Embase, MEDLINE, Global Health, and Web of Science for all English language, humanbased papers investigating predisposition to helminth infections published up to October 31st, 2017. The varying definitions used to describe predisposition, and the statistical tests used to determine its presence, are summarised. Evidence for predisposition is presented, stratified by helminth species, and risk factors for predisposition to infection are identified and discussed. Results: In total, 43 papers were identified, summarising results from 34 different studies in 23 countries. Consistent evidence of predisposition to infection with certain species of human helminth was identified. Children were regularly found to experience greater predisposition to Ascaris lumbricoides, Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium than adults. Females were found to be more predisposed to A. lumbricoides infection than were males. Household clustering of infection was identified for A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura and S. japonicum. Ascaris lumbricoides and T. trichiura also showed evidence of familial predisposition. Whilst strong evidence for predisposition to hookworm infection was identified, findings with regards to which groups were affected were considerably more varied than for other helminth species. Conclusion: This review has found consistent evidence of predisposition to heavy (and light) infection for certain human helminth species. However, further research is needed to identify reasons for the reported differences between demographic groups. Molecular epidemiological methods associated with whole genome sequencing to determine ‘who infects whom’ may shed more light on the factors generating predisposition. more

Fascioliasis - The trematodes Fasciola hepatica

Center for Disease Control and Prevention CDC; DPDx-Laboratory Identification of Parasites of Public Health Concern (2019) C_CDC

The trematodes Fasciola hepatica (also known as the common liver fluke or the sheep liver fluke) and Fasciola gigantica are large liver flukes (F. hepatica: up to 30 mm by 15 mm; F. gigantica: up to 75 mm by 15 mm), which are primarily found in domestic and wild ruminants (their main definitive host ... more

History, epidemiology and diagnostics of dengue in the American and Brazilian contexts: a review

Souza Salles, T.; T. da Encarnação Sá-Guimarães, E. Seam Lima de Alvarenga (2018) CC

Parasites & Vectors volume 11, Article number: 264 (2018) Dengue creates a staggering epidemiological and economic burden for endemic countries. Without a specific therapy and with a commercial vaccine that presents some problems relative to it ... more

Epidemiology of dengue in SAARC territory: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Dhan Bahadur Shrestha, Pravash Budhathoki, Bipana Gurung (2022) CC

Parasites & Vectors volume 15, Article number: 389 (2022) Dengue is one of the common arboviral infections and is a public health problem in South East Asia. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the prevalence and ... more

An atlas of tsetse and animal African trypanosomiasis in Zimbabwe

Shereni, W.; L. Neves, R. Argilés, et al. (2021) CC

Parasites Vectors 14, 50 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04555-8

American Trypanosomiasis

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC (2021) C_CDC

DPDx - Laboratory Identification of Parasites of Public Health Concern Trypanosoma cruzi, is a parasitic protozoan that is the causative agent of Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis). Currently, six distinct lineages of T. cruzi are classified ... more

Trypanosomiasis, African

Centers for disease control and prevention CDC (2025) C_CDC

DPDx Laboratory Identification of Parasites of Public Health Concerns Including Life cycle

Diagnostic tests for detecting risk of Plasmodium vivax relapse

World Health Organization WHO (2024) C_WHO

Relapsing malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax parasites poses a significant challenge to global malaria elimination efforts. About one third of the population remains at risk of contracting P. vivax malaria, and 85% of P. vivax infections stem from r ... more