O Manual para aplicação de borrifação residual em áreas urbanas para o controle do Aedes aegypti não se dirige apenas ao pessoal operacional e aos gerentes e gestores de nível médio dos programas de prevenção e controle das doenças transmitidas pelo Aedes, mas também à comunidade acadê...mica ligada à pesquisa operacional sobre BRI-Aedes, aos controladores de pragas privados e ao público em geral.
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The Manual for Parasitological Surveillance in Prevention of Reintroduction or Re-establishment of Malaria in Sri Lanka (2019) provides guidelines to health professionals on how to conduct effective malaria surveillance to prevent the reintroduction of the disease in Sri Lanka, which was certified m...alaria-free in 2016.
The manual outlines strategies for active and passive case detection, laboratory diagnosis, case investigation, foci investigation, and follow-up measures. It emphasizes targeted screening of high-risk populations, including travelers and migrant workers, and explains the importance of prompt reporting, accurate parasitological confirmation, and coordination between healthcare levels. The overall goal is to maintain Sri Lanka’s malaria-free status by ensuring early detection and rapid response to any imported or locally suspected malaria cases.
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Le Plan Stratégique National de Lutte contre le Paludisme au Cameroun 2019–2023 vise à réduire l’incidence et la mortalité liées au paludisme dans tout le pays, en mettant l’accent sur les groupes les plus vulnérables comme les enfants de moins de 5 ans et les femmes enceintes. Il repose... sur des interventions de prévention (moustiquaires imprégnées, pulvérisation intradomiciliaire, chimioprévention saisonnière), un accès universel au diagnostic rapide et au traitement efficace, ainsi qu’un renforcement de la gouvernance, du système de santé, de la surveillance épidémiologique et de la communication pour le changement de comportement. Le plan s’inscrit dans la continuité des stratégies nationales et internationales, avec une approche participative impliquant les autorités nationales, les partenaires techniques et financiers, les communautés locales et le secteur privé.
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The Noncommunicable Diseases Country Profiles 2018 by the World Health Organization (WHO) provides an in-depth look at the burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes across WHO Member States. It includes data on NCD m...ortality, risk factors like tobacco use, unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, and excessive alcohol consumption, as well as country-specific responses and health system capacities to manage and prevent NCDs.
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The document outlines the 2017 cholera outbreak in Zambia, mainly in Lusaka, due to poor sanitation and unsafe water. By December, 493 cases were reported, with risks increasing due to the rainy season. The Zambia Red Cross Society (ZRCS), in collaboration with the Ministry of Health, WHO, and UNICE...F, responded by setting up treatment centers, supplying clean water and chlorine, and conducting hygiene education. 1,500 volunteers were mobilized to support 70,000 people directly. The IFRC allocated CHF 222,351 to control the outbreak, but challenges like limited funding and poor infrastructure remained.
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WHO supports Zambia in vaccinating 1 million people in Lusaka against cholera to combat an outbreak that began in October 2017, causing 2,672 cases and 63 deaths. Two million vaccine doses were provided by Gavi. WHO and the Zambia National Public Health Institute are improving water access, sanitati...on, and hygiene education while training medical staff. Another 1 million people in high-risk areas will be vaccinated later.
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There is paucity of data on the burden and specific drivers operative in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the African setting and populations. Lack of awareness and inadequate knowledge on the aetio-pathogenesis of the disease together with inadequate capacity for ...COPD care contributes to preventive and management challenges. Thus, the majority of patients with COPD are misdiagnosed, misclassified and mismanaged or undertreated. With the struggling improvement in the quality of healthcare in Africa, studies conducted over the last 10 years indicates the rising trends in both the risk factors and the burden of COPD. The role of new risk factors such as indoor pollution, infections with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), in the pathogenesis of COPD in Africa is increasingly being recognized. This literature review attempts to collect and synthesize information that could be useful in improving COPD care and informing the governments to take appropriate actions for prevention, diagnosis and management of COPD in Africa.
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The document titled "Prevención y control del cólera" (Cholera Prevention and Control) provides essential guidance on preventing and managing cholera, a disease characterized by severe watery diarrhea and vomiting. Without prompt treatment, cholera can lead to death due to dehydration within hours.... The disease is primarily transmitted through the ingestion of food or water contaminated with the feces of an infected person.
To protect against cholera and other diarrheal diseases, the document emphasizes the importance of drinking safe water, such as bottled water with intact seals, boiled water, or water treated with chlorine products. Frequent handwashing with safe water and soap is recommended, and in the absence of soap, hands can be cleaned using ash or sand followed by rinsing with safe water. Proper sanitation practices, such as using latrines or burying feces and avoiding defecation near water sources, are crucial. The document also highlights safe food practices, including thoroughly cooking food (especially seafood), consuming it while hot, keeping it covered, and peeling fruits and vegetables. Ensuring the safe cleaning of kitchens and areas where the family bathes or washes clothes is also advised.
In case of diarrheal illness, the document stresses the immediate use of oral rehydration solution (ORS) to prevent dehydration and the importance of seeking medical attention as quickly as possible. Patients should continue ORS intake both at home and during transit to a health facility. These preventative measures and prompt treatment strategies are vital for reducing cholera transmission and mortality.
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The incidence and mortality of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in low and middle income countries (LMICs) have been increasing, while access to CVDs medicines is suboptimal. We assessed selection of essential medicines for the prevention and treatment of CVDs on national essential medicines lists (NE...MLs) of LMICs and potential determinants for selection.
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A cólera é uma infecção intestinal provocada por uma bactéria conhecida como Vibrio cholerae. Os principais sintomas desta doença são diarréia e vômitos. Transmissão de cólera ocorre principalmente pelo consumo de alimentos contaminados ou água potável. Neste vídeo descrevemos várias ...técnicas que podem ser utilizadas para ajudar a prevenir a cólera.
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The document is a handbook on implementing the mBreatheFreely program, an mHealth initiative by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) aimed at improving the management of asthma and COPD through mobile technology. It provides a framework for governme...nts and policymakers to develop, launch, and evaluate national mHealth programs. The guide covers areas such as operations management, content development, promotion strategies, technology infrastructure, and monitoring and evaluation. It emphasizes the importance of mHealth in enhancing self-management, prevention, and treatment of chronic respiratory diseases, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The handbook also includes examples of successful programs and practical tools for adaptation and implementation.
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Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of death worldwide and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Both prevention of smoking initiation among youth and smoking cessation among established smokers are key for reducing smoking prevalence and the associated negative health co...nsequences. Proven tobacco cessation treatment includes pharmacotherapy and behavioral support, which are most effective when provided together. First-line medications (varenicline, bupropion, and nicotine replacement) are effective and safe for patients with CVD. Clinicians who care for patients with CVD should give as high a priority to treating tobacco use as to managing other CVD risk factors. Broader tobacco control efforts to raise tobacco taxes, adopt smoke-free laws, conduct mass media campaigns, and restrict tobacco marketing enhance clinicians' actions working with individual smokers.
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The article explores the underlying factors influencing unhealthy diets and sedentary lifestyles among adolescents in Kilifi County, Kenya. Using a qualitative approach, the study involved interviews and focus group discussions with adolescents, stakeholders, and young adults. Key findings include a... preference for unhealthy, carbohydrate-rich, and sugary foods over traditional and nutritious options, exacerbated by factors like low socioeconomic status, urbanization, and poor farming practices.
Sedentary behavior, such as gambling and extensive technology use, was prevalent, often replacing physical activity. Protective factors like school attendance, community-based services, and parental engagement were identified as mitigating risks. The study highlights the importance of ecological intervention strategies targeting intrapersonal, interpersonal, and community factors to address unhealthy behaviors and promote better health outcomes in adolescents.
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The study on single-dose cholera vaccine in Zambia evaluates the effectiveness of using a single dose of the oral cholera vaccine (OCV) during a 2016 outbreak in Lusaka. Due to limited vaccine supply, authorities opted for a one-dose emergency campaign instead of the usual two-dose regimen. A matche...d case-control study was conducted to assess vaccine effectiveness, showing 88.9% short-term protection against cholera. The findings suggest that a single-dose approach can be an effective strategy in outbreak settings, especially when vaccine supplies are constrained. However, further research is needed to determine long-term immunity and effectiveness in young children.
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Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) pose a substantial threat to many health systems, especially in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) where they are already overstretched. In the past few decades, deaths from NCDs in LMICs have spiked, whereas numbers in high-income countries have stabilis...ed. Worryingly, a large proportion of deaths from NCDs (29%) in LMICs occur among people younger than 60 years compared with the proportion in high-income countries (13%). This finding has been attributed to poor access to effective and equitable health-care services in most LMICs. The threat of NCDs in LMICs was recognised by the UN 2011 High-Level Meeting, and is now featured in Sustainable Development Goal 3 in the form of reducing premature mortality from NCDs by one-third before 2030. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of deaths from NCDs (ie, 48% of all NCDs deaths). Therefore, substantial reductions in CVDs will have a major impact on reducing the overall burden of NCDs globally. The good news is that most CVDs can be prevented by addressing the key underlying behavioural risk factors, such as physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, tobacco use, and harmful use of alcohol, through population-wide approaches. Among individuals with or at high risk of CVD, early detection and effective management with appropriate counselling and medicines can reduce cardiovascular deaths substantially.
The importance of effective treatment for CVD has been recognised in the Global NCD Action Plan 2013–20, for which one of the nine global targets is that at least 50% of eligible individuals should receive drug therapy and counselling to prevent heart attacks and strokes by 2025.5 Although admirable, this is a hard target to achieve given that secondary prevention strategies in LMICs are often unaffordable or unavailable.
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This malaria education poster by Children for Health uses clear, child-friendly language to raise awareness of malaria and promote its prevention. Using simple language and engaging visuals, it informs children and caregivers about key facts, symptoms and protective behaviours, such as using insecti...cide-treated nets and seeking timely treatment. Designed for use in schools and communities, the poster supports health education initiatives aimed at reducing the impact of malaria in endemic regions by encouraging children to play an active role in preventing the disease.
Accessed on 20/06/2025.
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The '100 Health Messages for Children to Learn & Share' is an educational resource developed by Children for Health. It is aimed at children aged 8–14, particularly young adolescents (aged 10–14), who often care for younger siblings. The set contains 100 simple, accurate and adaptable health mes...sages, with 10 messages on each of the following topics: Malaria, diarrhoea, nutrition, coughs and colds, intestinal worms, water and sanitation, immunisation, HIV and AIDS, accidents and injuries, and early childhood development. The messages have been reviewed by medical and education experts and are designed for use by parents, teachers and health workers in schools, homes, clinics and clubs. The resource encourages active learning through memorisation, discussion, and creative activities, empowering children to become health educators in their communities.
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This educational video provides an overview of malaria, including its causes, symptoms and how it is transmitted. It focuses on the most vulnerable groups: children under five, pregnant women, people living with HIV/AIDS, and travellers or migrants. Using engaging visuals and background music, the v...ideo emphasises the importance of prevention strategies such as insecticide-treated bed nets, antimalarial medication and raising public awareness.
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Ce conte musical sensibilise les enfants et les adolescents à la menace que représente le moustique, vecteur du paludisme, une maladie qui tue un enfant toutes les 30 secondes. Il explique de manière simple et ludique comment se protéger efficacement, notamment grâce à l'utilisation d'une mous...tiquaire. Ce film éducatif vise à encourager un changement de comportement durable en insistant sur l'importance de la prévention comme moyen principal de lutte contre cette maladie mortelle.
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The document "Proposed Policy Priorities for Preventing Obesity and Diabetes in the Eastern Mediterranean Region" by WHO EMRO outlines strategies to address high obesity and diabetes rates in the Eastern Mediterranean. It emphasizes population-wide actions, such as reducing fat and sugar intake, pro...moting physical activity, and implementing fiscal policies like taxes on unhealthy foods. Key focus areas include reformulating processed foods, encouraging healthy food procurement, and enforcing marketing restrictions on high-fat, sugar, and salt foods. The document highlights the need for multi-sectoral collaboration and phased implementation to improve regional health outcomes and reduce the economic burden of these diseases.
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