These lectures are to be freely used, copied and distributed in Developing Countries for the teaching and promotion of basic anesthesia knowledge and skills. The purpose of these lectures are to provide developing countries with a copyright free resource. Contributors with credited pictures and ill ... ustrations have graciously gave permission for their material to be used for this specific purpose. The author of these lectures or the IFNA cannot accept liability from their use and errors in translation. It is up to each translator to ensure that the translation is correct. Knowledge about the art and science of anesthesia/resuscitation continues to change. It is up to each anesthesia provider to continue to learn and upgrade their knowledge. These lectures only contains basic knowledge and are not a replacement for more comprehensive information more