The article investigates the global burden and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It emphasizes that COPD is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with significant health and economic impacts. The study identifies smoking as the primary risk factor, but als...o highlights other contributors such as occupational exposure, air pollution, and respiratory infections. The authors discuss variations in COPD prevalence and mortality rates across different regions, influenced by socioeconomic and environmental factors. The article calls for comprehensive public health strategies to reduce exposure to risk factors and improve early diagnosis and management to curb the global impact of COPD.
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                                                                Au  cours  de  la  dernière  décennie,  les données  de  séquençage  génétique  des  agents  pathogènes  ont  gagné  en importance et contribuent désormais de façon déterminante à la détection et à la maîtrise des flambées de maladies infectieuses, en facilitant la mise au point de ...produits de diagnostic, de médicaments et de vaccins et en guidant lesactivités de riposte aux flambées(1-11).  L’émergence du nouveau coronavirus, par la suite désigné «   coronavirus 2 du syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère » (SARS-CoV-2), a encore accentué l’importance des données de séquençage génétique.
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                                                                Ces orientations se concentrent sur le SARS-CoV-2, mais s'appliquent également à d'autres agents pathogènes préoccupants pour la santé publique.
                                                            
                         
                     
                                                        
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                                                The growing understanding of how sequence information can contribute to improved public health is driving global investments in sequencing facilities and programmes. The falling cost and complexity of generating GSD provides opportunities for expanding sequencing capacity; however, challenges to wid...espread implementation remain. This document provides policy-makers and stakeholders with guidance on how to maximize the public health benefit of SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequencing activities in the short and long term as the pandemic continues to unfold. Practical considerations for the implementation of a virus genomic sequencing programme and an overview of the public health objectives of genomic sequencing are covered. This guidance focuses on SARS-CoV-2 but is applicable to other pathogens of public health concern.
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                                                                En el último decenio, los datos de las secuencias genéticas de los patógenos han adquirido un papel crucial en la detección y el manejo de los brotes de enfermedades infecciosas, contribuyendo al desarrollo de pruebas diagnósticas, medicamentos y vacunas y orientando la respuesta sanitaria.
                                                            
                         
                     
                                                        
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                                                In this guideline, natural ventilation is considered 
among one the effective measures to control infections in health care. This guideline provides 
a design and operation guide for hospital planners, engineers, architects and infection control 
personnel. The recommendations in this guidelin...e followed a systematic 
review of the literature on the association of ventilation and disease transmission, as well 
as effective natural ventilation solutions for infection control.
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                                                                Update, 23 de junio de 2022
                                                            
                         
                     
                                                        
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                                                The growing understanding of how sequence information can contribute to improved public health is driving global investments in sequencing facilities and programmes. The falling cost and complexity of generating GSD provides opportunities for expanding sequencing capacity; however, challenges to wid...espread implementation remain. This document provides policy-makers and stakeholders with guidance on how to maximize the public health benefit of SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequencing activities in the short and long term as the pandemic continues to unfold. Practical considerations for the implementation of a virus genomic sequencing programme and an overview of the public health objectives of genomic sequencing are covered. This guidance focuses on SARS-CoV-2 but is applicable to other pathogens of public health concern.
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                                                                This handbook is designed to provide essential information as well as quick tips to improve foot care for people with dark skin tone living with diabetes.