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Cardiovascular diseases in Africa in the twenty-first century: Gaps and priorities going forward

Minja, N.W.; Nakagaayi, D.; Aliku, T. et al. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine (2022) CC

In 2015, the United Nations set important targets to reduce premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths by 33% by 2030. Africa disproportionately bears the brunt of CVD burden and has one of the highest risks of dying from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) worldwide. There is currently an epide...miological transition on the continent, where NCDs is projected to outpace communicable diseases within the current decade. Unchecked increases in CVD risk factors have contributed to the growing burden of three major CVDs—hypertension, cardiomyopathies, and atherosclerotic diseasesleading to devastating rates of stroke and heart failure. The highest age standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to hypertensive heart disease (HHD) were recorded in Africa. The contributory causes of heart failure are changing—whilst HHD and cardiomyopathies still dominate, ischemic heart disease is rapidly becoming a significant contributor, whilst rheumatic heart disease (RHD) has shown a gradual decline. In a continent where health systems are traditionally geared toward addressing communicable diseases, several gaps exist to adequately meet the growing demand imposed by CVDs. Among these, high-quality research to inform interventions, underfunded health systems with high out-of-pocket costs, limited accessibility and affordability of essential medicines, CVD preventive services, and skill shortages. Overall, the African continent progress toward a third reduction in premature mortality come 2030 is lagging behind. More can be done in the arena of effective policy implementation for risk factor reduction and CVD prevention, increasing health financing and focusing on strengthening primary health care services for prevention and treatment of CVDs, whilst ensuring availability and affordability of quality medicines. Further, investing in systematic country data collection and research outputs will improve the accuracy of the burden of disease data and inform policy adoption on interventions. This review summarizes the current CVD burden, important gaps in cardiovascular medicine in Africa, and further highlights priority areas where efforts could be intensified in the next decade with potential to improve the current rate of progress toward achieving a 33% reduction in CVD mortality. more

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Climate Risk country profile : Colombia 2021

Fernanda Zermogli, MacKenzie Dove World Bank Group (2021) CC

his profile is part of a series of Climate Risk Country Profiles developed by the World Bank Group (WBG). The country profile synthesizes most relevant data and information on climate change, disaster risk reduction, and adaptation actions and policies at the country level. The country profile ser... more

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A toolkit for mass distribution campaigns to increase coverage and use of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets: Communication

The Alliance for Malaria Prevention AMP (2021) CC

This chapter of the AMP LLIN Mass Campaign Toolkit outlines the strategic communication approaches that are essential before, during and after long-lasting insecticide-treated net (LLIN) distribution campaigns. It emphasises the importance of setting up a national communications sub-committee under ... more

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Climate Risk Country Profile – Argentina

The World Bank Group (2021) C2

This profile is part of a series of Climate Risk Country Profiles developed by the World Bank Group (WBG). The country profile synthesizes most relevant data and information on climate change, disaster risk reduction, and adaptation actions and policies at the country level. The country profile seri... more

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Climate risk country profile Brazil

World Bank Group (2021) C1

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Cameroon: Community-based Family Planning Programs in Sub-Saharan Africa

Sandra Kong USAID (2008) CC

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Sierra Leone: Health Information Bulletin July-December 2015

Government of Sierra Leone, Ministry of Health and Sanitation (2015)

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Integrated Community Case Management of Childhood Illness

USAID; MCHIP (2014) CC

Documentation of Best Practices and Bottlenecks to Program Implementation in Senegal SUMMARY REPORT Accessed at March 2014

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Interventions de santé numérique axées sur la jeunesse : cadre pour la planification, l’élaboration et la mise en oeuvre de solutions avec et pour les jeunes

Organisation Mondiale de la Santé Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (2021) C_WHO

Cadre pour la planification, l'ebaoration et la mise en oeuvre de solutions avec et pour les jeunes e

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Caring for Newborns and Children in the Community. Manual for the Community Health Worker

World Health Organization; UNICEF (2011) C_WHO

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Market Analysis of plant-based drugs

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime; World Drug Report 2017 (2019) C2

Opiates, cocaine, cannabis World Drug Report 2017 -3- Accessed: 14.03.2019

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Urban Health Initiative a model process for catalysing change - Solid waste management, air pollution and health

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO

Waste management options such as recycling, composting, incineration and landfill impact health and well-being in profound ways, particularly for people who work directly with waste or live and work around waste sites.