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Handbook for Public Health Emergency Operations Center Operations and Management

African Union; Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (2021) CC

A Public Health EOC (PHEOC) serves as a hub for coordinating the preparation for, response to, and recovery from public health emergencies. The preparation includes planning, such as risk and resource mapping, development of plans and procedures, and training and exercising. The response includes al... more

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Global AIDS Response: Country Progress Report Nigeria 2014

National Agency for the Control of AIDS (NACA); UNAIDS; Federal Ministry of Health, Nigeria (2014) C1

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The End in sight: from collaboration to elimination

International Coaltion for Trachoma Control (2022) CC

ICTC’s 2022-2030 strategic plan spans the critical period running to the end of 2030, the year by which we are striving to achieve the elimination of trachoma as a public health problem. This strategic plan is in alignment with the NTD road map, Ending the neglect to attain the Sustainable Develop... more

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HIV testing and counselling in Estonian prisons, 2012 to 2013: aims, processes and impacts

The Estonian Ministry of Justice; Prison Department; Rehabilitation Division European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2014) CC

Euro Surveillance 2014;19(47):pii=20970, p.31-37

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Antimicrobial Resistance in the EU/EEA

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ECDC; WHO Europe; OECD; et al. (2022) CC

A One Health Response. A Briefing Note

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Global AIDS Monitoring 2019

UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Programme on HIVAIDS) (2018) C2

UNAIDS 2018, Guidance Indicators for monitoring the 2016 Political Declaration on Ending AIDS

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Acute diarrhoeal diseases in complex emergencies: critical steps

Global Task Force on Cholera Control World Health Organization (WHO) (2010) C_WHO

The WHO Guide on Cholera Control in Complex Emergencies provides key steps for preparedness, prevention, and response to cholera and other diarrheal diseases in crisis situations. It highlights the importance of early warning systems, rapid response, and coordination among health agencies. The guide... more

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Guidance on easing lockdown

Africa CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2020) CC

In response to the first cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reported on the continent, many African Union Member States implemented large-scale public health and social measures (PHSM) rapidly. These measures were aimed at reducing transmission and the number of new cases being reported, p... more

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Evaluation of ECDC Ebola deployment in Guinea

Kokki, M.; Safrani, N. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2017) C1

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Africa’s Health Financing in a New Era

Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) (2025) CC

Africa’s health sector is facing an unprecedented financing crisis, driven by a sharp decline of 70% in Official Development Assistance (ODA) from 2021 to 2025 and deep-rooted structural vulnerabilities. This collapse is placing immense pressure on Africa’s already fragile health systems as ODA ...is seen as the backbone of critical health programs: pandemic preparedness, maternal and child health services, disease control programs are all at risk, threatening Sustainable Development Goal 3 and Universal Health Coverage. Compounding this is Africa’s spiraling debt, with countries expected to service USD 81 billion by 2025—surpassing anticipated external financing inflows—further eroding fiscal space for health investments. Level of domestic resources is low. TThe Abuja Declaration of 2001, a pivotal commitment made by African Union (AU) member states, aimed to reverse this trend by pledging to allocate at least 15% of national budgets to the health sector. However, more than two decades later, only three countries—Rwanda, Botswana, and Cabo Verde—have consistently met or exceeded this target (WHO, 2023). In contrast, over 30 AU member states remain well below the 10% benchmark, with some allocating as little as 5–7% of their national budgets to health. In addition, only 16 (29%) of African countries currently have updated versions of National Health Development Plan (NHDP) supported by a National Health Financing Plan (NHFP). These two documents play a critical role in driving internal resource mobilisation. At the same time, public health emergencies are surging, rising 41%—from 152 in 2022 to 213 in 2024—exposing severe under-resourcing of health infrastructure and workforce. Recurring outbreaks (Mpox, Ebola, cholera, measles, Marburg…) alongside effects of climate change and humanitarian crises in Eastern DRC, the Sahel, and Sudan, are overwhelming systems stretched by chronic underfunding. The situation is worsened by Africa’s heavy dependency with over 90% of vaccines, medicines, and diagnostics being externally sourced—leaving countries vulnerable to global supply chain shocks. Health worker shortages persist, with only 2.3 professionals per 1,000 people (below the WHO’s recommended 4.45), and fewer than 30% of systems are digitized, undermining disease surveillance and early warning. Without decisive action, Africa CDC projects the continent could reverse two decades of health progress, face 2 to 4 million additional preventable deaths annually, and a heightened risk of a pandemic emerging from within. Furthermore, 39 million more Africans could be pushed into poverty by 2030 due to intertwined health and economic shocks. This is not just a sectoral crisis—it is an existential threat to Africa’s political, social, and economic resilience, and global stability. In response, African leaders, under Africa CDC’s stewardship, are advancing a comprehensive three-pillar strategy centered on domestic resource mobilization, innovative financing, and blended finance. more

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Continental Cholera Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan for Africa 1.0
recommended

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention CDC (2025) CC

This document outlines the plan for a continental cholera prevention and control with the implementation framework for the Cholera IMST, detailing its governance structure, strategic priorities, and operational modalities

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Early Warning Alert And Response Network in emergencies: evaluation protocol

World Health Organisation (WHO) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2018) C_WHO

The document provides a standardized protocol for evaluating the Early Warning Alert and Response Network (EWARN), a surveillance system used during humanitarian emergencies when regular national health surveillance may be disrupted. The purpose of EWARN is to detect outbreaks of communicable diseas... more

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Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa : Primary Healthcare Level 2020 edition

the Essential Drugs Programme, the PHCAdult Hospital Level Expert review Committee, the National Essential Medicines List Committee National Department of Health South Africa (2020) CC

The PHC STGs and EML should be used by healthcare workers providing care at clinics, community health centres, and gateway clinics at hospitals. Pharmaceutical and Therapeutics Committees (PTCs) are responsible for ensuring the availability of medicines listed in the PHC EML at those facilities, as... more

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Kenya: National Plan for Accelerating HIV Care and Treatment 2015-2017

Ministry of Health, National AIDS and STI Control Program (NASCOP) (2015) C2

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Guidelines on Quality Monitoring System for Outsourced Viral Load Tests

Government of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO) (2018) C1

This document provides guidelines and tools for monitoring the quality of outsourced viral load test results in India, defining processes and procedures as well as quality indicators and a monitoring checklist for assuring quality of services. Annexes include reporting forms and checklists for monit... more

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Liberia Malaria Indicator Survey 2016

National Malaria Control Program (NMCP) [Liberia], Ministry of Health (MOH), Liberia Institute of Statistics and Geo-Information Services (LISGIS), and ICF (2017) C2

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ECDC rapid assessment of laboratory practices and needs related to COVID-19

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ECDC (2021) C1

18 Janaury 2021 EU/EEA Member States and the UK have increased their laboratory capacity tremendously over the past 11 months as the majority of the Member States reported sufficient testing capacity until March 2021. Many countries are adding rapid antigen detection tests (RADT) to their ... more

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India: National Guidelines on Quality Management Systems in HIV Testing Laboratories (Split 7/7)

National AIDS Control Organization (NACO), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India (2015) C1

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Combattre le choléra: Présentation clinique et gestion de la flambée de choléra en Haïti

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC (2010) C_CDC

Le document fournit des directives détaillées pour le diagnostic et la gestion des cas de choléra, en mettant l'accent sur la thérapie de réhydratation et la prévention des décès liés à la déshydratation. Il décrit l'utilisation de solutions de réhydratation orale (SRO), de fluides intr... more

Continental Cholera Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan for Africa 1.0 recommended

Continental Cholera Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan for Africa 1.0
recommended