This National Food and Nutrition Policy developed in 2013 builds on several achievements that have improved the status of nutrition and household food security in Rwanda during the past six years. The outlines ambitious but necessary strategies needed to solve serious and
persistent problems includ...ing the high prevalence of child stunting and high levels of anaemia in children and women. The NFNP also takes into account major differences in the economic development environment and the higher national and international priority placed on improving nutrition and related household food security problems in the second decade of the new millennium compared to 2007 when the country’s first National Nutrition Policy was adopted.
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La publicación ofrece una visión general y un análisis de los instrumentos internacionales que establecen normas relacionadas con el uso de antimicrobianos en los sectores humano, animal y vegetal, y su liberación en el medio ambiente. El propósito del documento es identificar los instrumentos ...y normas existentes a fin de orientar tanto su aplicación como informar los debates y la dirección de futuros instrumentos internacionales relacionados con el uso de antimicrobianos.
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Policy Brief
Accessed: 20.11.2019
UNAIDS/WHO Working group
HIV/AIDS and STI surveillance 2015 / Reference
La resistencia a los antimicrobianos (RAM, utilizado también como equivalente de "resistente a los antimicrobianos en este documento) constituye un importante motivo de preocupación mundial en el ámbito de la salud pública y un problema para la inocuidad de los alimentos. Cuando l...os patógenos se hacen resistentes a los agentes antimicrobianos, pueden ser más peligrosos para la salud humana a causa de un posible fracaso de los tratamientos, de la pérdida de opciones para los tratamientos y de la mayor probabilidad y gravedad de las enfermedades. Los problemas relacionados con la RAM están intrínsecamente relacionados con el uso de antimicrobianos en cualquier ámbito, lo que comprende los usos humanos y no humanos. El uso de agentes antimicrobianos en animales/cultivos destinados a la producción de alimentos constituye un factor potencialmente importante de riesgo de selección y propagación a los seres humanos de microorganismos resistentes y determinantes de RAM a partir de dichos cultivos/animales a través del consumo de alimentos.
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Reporting period: January 2014 – December 2014
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in Myanmar is concentrated among men who have sex with men (MSM), people who inject drugs (PWID) and female sex workers (FSW). HIV prevalence in the adult population aged 15 years and older was esti...mated at 0.54% in 2014. But data from HIV Sentinel Sero-Surveillance (HSS) indicates higher prevalence in 2014 among key populations: FSW 6.3%, MSM 6.6% and PWID 23.1%. Compared to 2012 data, the prevalence has declined from 7.1% in FSW and 8.9% in MSM, but has increased from 18% in PWID.
Epidemiological modelling suggests that in 2014 there were around 212,000 people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Myanmar, 34% of whom were females. Nearly 11,000 people died of HIV-related illnesses, compared to approximately 15,000 in 2011. An estimated 9,000 new infections occurred in 2014.
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A Cost-Efficiency Analysis for the Kyrgyz Republi
UNAIDS 2018 / Guidance
Guidance for policy-makers, and people living with, at risk of or affected by HIV
This publication offers practical advice on implementing HIV and STI programmes for transgender people, with a focus on transgender women, aligned with the 2011 Recommendations and the 2014 Key Populations Consolidated Guidelines. It contains examples of good practice from around the world that may ...support efforts in planning programmes and services, and describes issues that should be considered and how to overcome challenges.
This tool describes how services can be designed and implemented to be acceptable and accessible to transgender women. To accomplish this, respectful and ongoing engagement with them is essential.
This tool gives particular attention to programmes run by transgender people themselves, in contexts where this is possible.
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The CERC manual provides an evidence-based framework and recommended practices for anyone who communicates on behalf of an organization responding to major emergencies such as natural disasters.
This strategy, produced by IFRC, UNICEF and WHO, provides an overview of RCCE coordination approach and priorities across the different phases of the COVID-19 preparedness and response
UNAIDS 2017 / Reference
Generating evidence for policy and action on HIV and social protection
Practical Guidance for collaborative interventions
People Who Inject Drugs
In addition, the following individuals of our external expert advisory committee made instrumental contributions to the initial design and content of the document: Billy Pick, USAID; Daniel Wolfe, Open Society Foundations; Dave Burrows, AIDS Projects Management Group; Fabi...enne Hariga, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime; Mauro Guarinieri, the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria; Richard Needle, Office of the U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator; and Sergey Votyagov, EHRN.
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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global human, animal, plant and environment health threat that needs to be addressed by every country. The impacts of AMR are wide-ranging in terms of human health, animal health, food security and safety, environmental effects on ecosystems and biodiversity, and ...socioeconomic development. Just like the climate crisis, AMR poses a significant threat to the delivery of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The response to the AMR crisis has been spearheaded through the global action plan on antimicrobial resistance (GAP-AMR), developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2015, in close collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH), and formally endorsed by the three organizations’ governing bodies and by the Political Declaration of the high-level meeting of the United Nations General Assembly on AMR in 2016. In 2022, the three organizations officially became the Quadripartite by welcoming the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) into the alliance “to accelerate coordination strategy on human, animal and ecosystem health”.
The aim of the GAP-AMR is to ensure the continuity of successful treatment with effective and safe medicines.
Its strategic objectives include:
• improving the awareness and understanding of AMR;
• strengthening the knowledge and evidence base through surveillance and research;
• reducing the incidence of infection through effective sanitation, hygiene and infection prevention measures; optimizing the use of antimicrobial medicines in human and animal health; and
• developing the economic case for sustainable investment that takes account of the needs of all countries and increasing investment in new medicines, diagnostic tools, vaccines and other interventions.
With the adoption of the GAP-AMR, countries agreed to develop national action plans (NAPs) aligned with the GAP-AMR to mainstream AMR interventions nationally. Individually, the Quadripartite took action to advance AMR interventions in their respective sectors. FAO adopted a resolution on AMR recognizing that it poses an increasingly serious threat to public health and sustainable food production, and developed an AMR action plan to support the resolution’s implementation. For its part, WOAH developed a strategy on AMR aligned with the GAP-AMR, acknowledging the importance of a One Health approach to AMR. Similarly, more recently, UNEP’s governing body, the United Nations Environment Assembly, recognized that AMR is a current and increasing threat and a challenge to global health, food security and the sustainable development of all countries, and welcomed the GAP-AMR and the NAPs developed in accordance with its five overarching strategic objectives
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The Government of Malawi, in fulfilling its primary role of protecting the lives of its vulnerable citizens during disasters and reducing their exposure to risk through preparedness, led the development of a National Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Preparedness and Response Plan.