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Control of Epidemic Meningococcal Disease

World Health Organization (1998)

WHO practical guidelines. 2nd edition

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Namibia Demographic and Health Survey 2013

Ministry of Health and Social Services (MOHSS) (2014) C1

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HIV Knowledge and Risky Sexual Behavior among Men in Rwanda

Rugigana, Etienne, Francine Birungi, and Manassé Nzayirambaho Rockville, Maryland, USA: ICF International (2014) C2

DHS Working Papers No. 105 - Rwanda has developed and implemented many strategies at the national level to reduce the incidence of HIV in the general population. One of the main objectives of such interventions is to improve the general level of knowledge of HIV, with the hypothesis that increasing... more

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The World Health Report 2008: Primary Health Care - Now more than ever

World Health Organization (2008) C_WHO

Primary care - Putting people first: This chapter describes how primary care brings promotion and prevention, cure and care together in a safe, effective and socially productive way at the interface between the population and the health system.

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Baseline Study Report Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting and Child Marriage among the Rendille, Maasai, Pokot, Samburu and Somali Communities in Kenya

United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) (2017) C_UNICEF

In recognition that Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) is not only a harmful practice but a violation of human rights, Kenya has adopted a robust legal framework. The country has ratified several international legal instruments that have become part of the Kenyan law as provided for in Article 2 of the... more

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Current status of Rights of Persons with Disabilities in Bangladesh: Legal and Grassroots Perspectives

National Grassroots and Disabilities Organization (NGDO), National Council for Women with Disabilities (NCDW), Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust (BLAST) (2015) C1

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The ITHACA Toolkit for monitoring Human Rights and General Health Care in mental health and social care institutions

Institutional Treatment,Human Rights and CareAssessment (ITHACA) Health Service and Population Research Department,Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London (2010)

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National Framework for Joint HIV/TB Collaborative Activities

NACO, DOTS (2013)

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Research Methods for Promotion of Lung Health

D. A. Enarson, S. M. Kennedy, D. L. Miller, et al. International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (2001)

A guide to protocol development for low-income countries

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Neurodevelopmental disorders in children aged 2–9 years: Population-based burden estimates across five regions in India

N. K. Arora; , M. K. C. Nair; S .Gulati; et al. Plos Medicine (2018) CC

PLoS Med 15(7): e1002615. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pmed.1002615

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Report on the health of refugees and migrants in the WHO European Region

World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office for Europe (2018) C_WHO

No Public Health without Refugee and Migrant health. This report, the first of its kind, creates an evidence base with the aim of catalysing progress towards developing and promoting migrant-sensitive health systems in the 53 Member States of the WHO European Region and beyond. This report seeks to... more

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Regional Migrant Health Survey on Tuberculosis and HIV and Health Service Response for Migrants in Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia

L. G. Johnston International Organization for Migration (IOM) (2019) C2

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National Guideline for Health Care Provider On Infection Prevention and Control of COVID-19 pandemic in Healthcare Setting

Ministry of Health & Family Welfare of Bangladesh, Directorate General of Health Services Ministry of Health & Family Welfare of Bangladesh, Directorate General of Health Services (2020) C2

Version: 2.0 Date: 19.3.2020

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Infrastructure, policy and regulatory interventions to increase physical activity to prevent cardiovascular diseases and diabetes: a systematic review

Durão, S.; Burns, J.; Schmidt, B. et al. BMC Public Health (2023) CC

Background Noncommunicable diseases are major contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Modifying the risk factors for these conditions, such as physical inactivity, is thus essential. Addressing the context or circumstances in which physical activity occurs may promote physical activity a...t a population level. We assessed the effects of infrastructure, policy or regulatory interventions for increasing physical activity. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase and clinicaltrials.gov to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs), controlled before-after (CBAs) studies, and interrupted time series (ITS) studies assessing population-level infrastructure or policy and regulatory interventions to increase physical activity. We were interested in the effects of these interventions on physical activity, body weight and related measures, blood pressure, and CVD and type 2 diabetes morbidity and mortality, and on other secondary outcomes. Screening and data extraction was done in duplicate, with risk of bias was using an adapted Cochrane risk of bias tool. Due to high levels of heterogeneity, we synthesised the evidence based on effect direction. Results We included 33 studies, mostly conducted in high-income countries. Of these, 13 assessed infrastructure changes to green or other spaces to promote physical activity and 18 infrastructure changes to promote active transport. The effects of identified interventions on physical activity, body weight and blood pressure varied across studies (very low certainty evidence); thus, we remain very uncertain about the effects of these interventions. Two studies assessed the effects of policy and regulatory interventions; one provided free access to physical activity facilities and showed that it may have beneficial effects on physical activity (low certainty evidence). The other provided free bus travel for youth, with intervention effects varying across studies (very low certainty evidence). Conclusions Evidence from 33 studies assessing infrastructure, policy and regulatory interventions for increasing physical activity showed varying results. The certainty of the evidence was mostly very low, due to study designs included and inconsistent findings between studies. Despite this drawback, the evidence indicates that providing access to physical activity facilities may be beneficial; however this finding is based on only one study. Implementation of these interventions requires full consideration of contextual factors, especially in low resource settings. more

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Air pollution exposure—the (in)visible risk factor for respiratory diseases

Bălă, G.P.; Râjnoveanu, R.M.; Tudorache, E. et al. Environmental Science and Pollution Research (2021) CC

There is increasing interest in understanding the role of air pollution as one of the greatest threats to human health worldwide. Nine of 10 individuals breathe air with polluted compounds that have a great impact on lung tissue. The nature of the relationship is complex, and new or updated data are... more

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Ghana Demographic and Health Survey 2014

Ghana Statistical Service; Ghana Health Service, ICF DHS Program; USAID (2015) C1

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Guidelines on International Protection No. 12

UN High Commissioner for Refugees (2016) CC

Claims for refugee status related to situations of armed conflict and violence under Article 1A(2) of the 1951 Convention and/or 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees and the regional refugee definitions UNHCR issues these Guidelines on International Protection pursuant to its mandate,... more

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Cardiovascular risk in Mozambique: who should be treated for hypertension?

Damasceno, A; Padrão P; Silva-Matos, C; et al (2014) C1

This study aimed to estimate the proportion of Mozambicans eligible for pharmacological treatment for hypertension according to single risk factor and total cardiovascular risk approaches. It concluded that a total of 19.8% of 40–64-year-olds would be eligible for pharmacological treatment of hype... more

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Syrian Refugees in Lebanon eight years on: What works and why that matters for the future

CARE (2018) C1

This publication includes quotes from various respondents interviewed in Tripoli, Akkar and Beirut. We focused on three main questions: How are the relations between refugees and Lebanese? How are refugees faring in the job market? Which concrete initiatives have already demonstrated positive impact... more

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Public Health Aspects of Mental Health Among Migrants and Refugees: A Review of the Evidence on Mental Health Care for Refugees, Asylum Seekers and Irregular Migrants in the WHO European Region

Priebe, S.; D. Giacco, and Rawda El-Nagib. World Health Organization WHO; Regional Office Europe (2016) C_WHO

Health Evidence Network Synthesis Report, No. 47 The increasing number of refugees, asylum seekers and irregular migrants poses a challenge for mental health services in Europe. This review found that these groups are exposed to risk factors for mental disorders before, during and after migration. ... more