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Trends and determinants of neonatal mortality in Nepal

Paudel, D., A. Thapa, P. R. Shedain, and B. Paudel Nepal Ministry of Health and Population, New ERA, and ICF International (2013) C2

Further analysis of the Nepal Demographic and Health Surveys, 2001-2011

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Cardiovascular diseases in Africa in the twenty-first century: Gaps and priorities going forward

Minja, N.W.; Nakagaayi, D.; Aliku, T. et al. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine (2022) CC

In 2015, the United Nations set important targets to reduce premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths by 33% by 2030. Africa disproportionately bears the brunt of CVD burden and has one of the highest risks of dying from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) worldwide. There is currently an epide...miological transition on the continent, where NCDs is projected to outpace communicable diseases within the current decade. Unchecked increases in CVD risk factors have contributed to the growing burden of three major CVDs—hypertension, cardiomyopathies, and atherosclerotic diseasesleading to devastating rates of stroke and heart failure. The highest age standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to hypertensive heart disease (HHD) were recorded in Africa. The contributory causes of heart failure are changing—whilst HHD and cardiomyopathies still dominate, ischemic heart disease is rapidly becoming a significant contributor, whilst rheumatic heart disease (RHD) has shown a gradual decline. In a continent where health systems are traditionally geared toward addressing communicable diseases, several gaps exist to adequately meet the growing demand imposed by CVDs. Among these, high-quality research to inform interventions, underfunded health systems with high out-of-pocket costs, limited accessibility and affordability of essential medicines, CVD preventive services, and skill shortages. Overall, the African continent progress toward a third reduction in premature mortality come 2030 is lagging behind. More can be done in the arena of effective policy implementation for risk factor reduction and CVD prevention, increasing health financing and focusing on strengthening primary health care services for prevention and treatment of CVDs, whilst ensuring availability and affordability of quality medicines. Further, investing in systematic country data collection and research outputs will improve the accuracy of the burden of disease data and inform policy adoption on interventions. This review summarizes the current CVD burden, important gaps in cardiovascular medicine in Africa, and further highlights priority areas where efforts could be intensified in the next decade with potential to improve the current rate of progress toward achieving a 33% reduction in CVD mortality. more

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Cholera: Clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention

LaRocque, R.; S.B. Calderwood and A.Bloom UpToDate (2020) C1

The document provides a detailed overview of cholera, including its clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. It explains the causes of cholera, its symptoms such as severe diarrhea and dehydration, and the importance of rehydration therapy (oral or intravenous) to reduce mortality. T... more

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Community health workers at the dawn of a new era: 9. CHWs’ relationships with the health system and communities

Karen LeBan , Maryse Kok and Henry B. Perry Health Research Policy and Systems (2021) CC

This is the ninth paper in our series, “Community Health Workers at the Dawn of a New Era”. Community health workers (CHWs) are in an intermediary position between the health system and the community. While this position provides CHWs with a good platform to improve community health, a major cha... more

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Network HPN Paper: The role of education in protecting children in conflict

Susan Nicolai and Carl Triplehorn Humanitarian Practice Network (HPN); Overseas Development Institute (ODI) (2003) C1

Education in emergencies is a young area; the evidence of its impact is often anecdotal, and although its status as a humanitarian concern has gained legitimacy in recent years, it has yet to be accepted across the humanitarian community. Much more needs to be done to enhance our understanding of t... more

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Risk Communication and Community Engagement Preparedness and Readiness Framework: Ebola Response in the Democratic Republic of Congo in North Kivu

World Health Organization WHO; UNICEF; IFRC, et al. (2018) CC

Risk Communication and Community Engagement (RCCE) is an essential part of any disease outbreak response. Risk communication in the context of an Ebola outbreak refers to real time exchange of information, opinion and advice between frontline responders and people who are faced with the threat of Eb... more

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Behavioural and social drivers of vaccination: tools and practical guidance for achieving high uptake

World Health Organization WHO; UN Children´s Fund (2022) C_WHO

Tools and practical guidance for achieving high uptake

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Cervical Cancer Prevention and Control Policy (South Africa)

Dept. of Health, Republic of South Africa (2021) C1

Cervical cancer, along with maternal deaths, has been identified as a national priority in South Africa as well as other Sub-Saharan African countries. Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women in South Africa, after breast cancer. Due to limited access to prevention, early dia... more

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National Framework for Joint HIV/TB Collaborative Activities

NACO, DOTS (2013)

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Standards for improving the quality of care for small and sick newborns in health facilities

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2019) C_WHO

The standards for the care of small and sick newborns in health facilities define, standardize and mainstream inpatient care of small and sick newborns, building on essential newborn care and ensuring consistency with the WHO quality of care framework. The standards will guide countries in caring fo... more

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Community Health Worker Incentives in Malawi: Lessons Learned

USAID (2015) C1

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National User Guide on the Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension in Adults at the PHC Level 2021

Health Department: Republic of South Africa (2021) CC

Hypertension is referred to as a “silent killer”. Most people with hypertension are unaware of their condition as in most cases, they experience no warning signs or symptoms hence they are not identified or treated. Hypertention is associated with a number of conditions, disability, and causes o... more

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Clinical Manifestations and Case Management of Ebola Haemorrhagic Fever Caused by a Newly Identified Virus Strain, Bundibugyo, Uganda, 2007–2008

Paul Roddy, Natasha Howard, Maria D. Van Kerkhove, et al. (2012) CC

PLoS ONE 7(12): e52986. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052986. Opern Access please download from the website

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Gambiense human African trypanosomiasis: the bumpy road to elimination

Hasker E, Hope A, Bottieau E. Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. (2022) C2

Gambiense human African trypanosomiasis is a deadly infectious disease affecting West and Central Africa, South Sudan and Uganda, and transmitted between humans by tsetse flies. The disease has caused several major epidemics, the latest one in the 1990s. Thanks to recent innovations such as rapid di... more

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Young people and the law in Asia and the Pacific: a review of laws and policies affecting young people's access to sexual and reproductive health and HIV services

UNESCO Office Bangkok and Regional Bureau for Education in Asia and the Pacific United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Education; UNFPA; UNAIDS; UNDP; Youth Lead (2013) C2

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Antimicrobial resistance and causes of non-prudent use of antibiotics in human medicine in the EU

European Commission (2017) C1

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasing worldwide public health problem with important implications for the European Union (EU). When antibiotics become ineffective, bacterial infections lead to increased morbidity, use of healthcare, mortality and cost. Globally, estimates suggest that ... more

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A global brief on vector-borne diseases

World Health Organization (2014) C_WHO

With this World Health Day, WHO is drawing attention to a group of diseases that are spread by insects and other vectors, the heavy health and economic burdens they impose, and what needs to be done to reduce these burdens. Many of these diseases have been historically confined to distinct geographi... more

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Let’s break silos now! Achieving disability-inclusive education in a post-COVID world

Handicap International; Humanity & Inclusion (2020) CC

Humanity & Inclusion has published a report on November 20, on the difficulties children with disabilities face in accessing education in the world’s poorest countries.

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Management, control and prevention of tuberculosis - Guidelines for health care providers

Prof. C. Abobltins, L. Brown, Prof N. Curtis, et al. Department of Health & Human Services; State Goverment Victoria (2015) C2

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Research gaps and needs to optimize the use of assisted vaginal birth: technical brief

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

Lack of trained providers capable of identifying which labouring women could benefit from assisted vaginal birth (AVB), and of safely performing the procedure is a major barrier for its use. Education and training are, therefore, considered crucial for building skills and confidence in conducting AV... more